Hops β-acids and zinc bacitracin affect the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella

Bortoluzzi, Cristiano; Menten, José Fernando Machado; Pereira, Rafaela; Fagundes, Naiara Simarro; Napty, G. S.; Pedroso, Adriana Ayres; Bigaton, A.D.; Andreote, Fernando Dini

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.006

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In agreement with our results, Videnska et al () also detected an increase in Lactobacillus in the faecal samples of layer hens submitted to antibiotic therapy (tetracycline and streptomycin). On the other hand, Bortoluzzi et al () observed that zinc bacitracin, when used as AGP, increased the percentage of Enterococcus at 21 days of age and tended to increase the percentage of Clostridiales and decrease the amount of Lactobacillales at 35 days in the small intestine of chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy

Pereira

Bortoluzzi

Durrer

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of a probiotic in the feed to maintain the stability of the gut microbiota in chickens after antibiotic therapy and its association with growth performance. One thousand six hundred twenty 1‐day‐old Cobb male were housed in floor pens (36 pens, 45 birds/pen) and were fed corn‐/soya bean meal‐based diets supplemented with or without probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) during the entire rearing phase. From 21 to 24 days of age (three consecutive days), the chickens were submitted to antibiotic therapy via drinking water (bacitracin and neomycin) in order to mimic a field treatment and induce dysbiosis. Growth performance was monitored until 42 days of age. At 2, 4 and 6 days after antibiotic therapy, three chickens from each pen were euthanized and the contents of the small intestine and caeca were collected and pooled. The trial was conducted with four treatments and nine replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for performance characteristics (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy); for the intestinal microbiota, it was in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy × 2, 4 and 6 days after the antibiotic therapy) with three replicates per treatment. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis showed that the structure of gut bacterial community was shaped by the intestinal segment and by the time after the antibiotic therapy. The number of 16S rDNAs copies in caecum contents decreased with time after the therapeutic treatment. The antibiotic therapy and dietary probiotic supplementation decreased richness and diversity indexes in the caecal contents. The improved performance observed in birds supplemented with probiotic may be related to changes promoted by the feed additive in the structure of the intestinal bacterial communities and phylogenetic groups. Antibiotic therapy modified the bacterial structure, but did not cause loss of broiler performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy

Pereira

Bortoluzzi

Durrer

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…A previous study showed that colistin sulfate could increase the activities of amylase, lipase and protease in broiler chickens [3]. Supplementation with bacitracin zinc can change the intestinal microbiota and improve the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella [4]. However, how these two antibiotics work in weaning piglets has not been measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial composition in different gut locations of weaning piglets receiving antibiotics

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine shifts in the composition of the bacterial population in the intestinal tracts (ITs) of weaning piglets by antibiotic treatment using high-throughput sequencing.MethodsSixty 28-d-old weaning piglets were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The Control group was treated with a basal diet without antibiotics. The Antibiotic group’s basal diet contained colistin sulfate at a concentration of 20 g per ton and bacitracin zinc at a concentration of 40 g per ton. All of the pigs were fed for 28 days. Then, three pigs were killed, and the luminal contents of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were collected for DNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that the average daily weight gain of the antibiotic group was significantly greater (p<0.05), and the incidence of diarrhea lower (p>0.05), than the control group. A total of 812,607 valid reads were generated. Thirty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were found in all of the samples were defined as core OTUs. Twenty-one phyla were identified, and approximately 90% of the classifiable sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. Forty-two classes were identified. Of the 232 genera identified, nine genera were identified as the core gut microbiome because they existed in all of the tracts. The proportion of the nine core bacteria varied at the different tract sites. A heat map was used to understand how the numbers of the abundant genera shifted between the two treatment groups.ConclusionAt different tract sites the relative abundance of gut microbiota was different. Antibiotics could cause shifts in the microorganism composition and affect the composition of gut microbiota in the different tracts of weaning piglets.

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“…The number of studies showing effects of hop extracts against anaerobic bacteria is rather low. Hop compounds have been shown to significantly reduce the Clostridium population, including Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides population in broiler chickens . However, in such studies, either indirect methods or quantitative PCR assays to detect the amount of bacteria in animal gut were used to demonstrate an inhibitory effect of lupulone in vivo , which do not lead to the estimation of MIC/MBC values of the compounds under study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and other derivatives from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on gut anaerobic bacteria

Čermák

Olšovská

Mikyška

et al. 2017

APMIS

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Strong antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and other derivatives from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on gut anaerobic bacteria. APMIS 2017; 125: 1033-1038.Anaerobic bacteria, such as Bacteroides fragilis or Clostridium perfringens, are part of indigenous human flora. However, Clostridium difficile represents also an important causative agent of nosocomial infectious antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Treatment of C. difficile infection is problematic, making it imperative to search for new compounds with antimicrobial properties. Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) contain substances with antibacterial properties. We tested antimicrobial activity of purified hop constituents humulone, lupulone and xanthohumol against anaerobic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was established against B. fragilis, C. perfringens and C. difficile strains according to standard testing protocols (CLSI, EUCAST), and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were calculated. All C. difficile strains were toxigenic and clinically relevant, as they were isolated from patients with diarrhoea. Strongest antimicrobial effects were observed with xanthohumol showing MIC and MBC values of 15-107 lg/mL, which are close to those of conventional antibiotics in the strains of bacteria with increased resistance. Slightly higher MIC and MBC values were obtained with lupulone followed by higher values of humulone.Our study, thus, shows a potential of purified hop compounds, especially xanthohumol, as alternatives for treatment of infections caused by select anaerobic bacteria, namely nosocomial diarrhoea caused by resistant strains.

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Hops β-acids and zinc bacitracin affect the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy

Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy

Microbial composition in different gut locations of weaning piglets receiving antibiotics

Strong antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and other derivatives from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on gut anaerobic bacteria

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