Horizon instability of the extremal BTZ black hole

Gralla, Samuel E.; Ravishankar, Arun; Zimmerman, Peter

doi:10.1007/jhep05(2020)094

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In particular, shock waves in maximally rotating BTZ black hole backgrounds may be found by appropriate coordinate transformation. To achieve this, we first give the map 10 10 It may be found by performing the following chain of coordinate transformations:X M → Poincaré patch of AdS → (t, r, ϕ) → (v, r, φ); see [36].…”

Section: Shock Wave In Extremal Btzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries

Craps

Clerck

Hacker

et al. 2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) that capture maximally chaotic properties of a black hole are determined by scattering processes near the horizon. This prompts the question to what extent OTOCs display chaotic behaviour in horizonless microstate geometries. This question is complicated by the fact that Lyapunov growth of OTOCs requires nonzero temperature, whereas constructions of microstate geometries have been mostly restricted to extremal black holes.In this paper, we compute OTOCs for a class of extremal black holes, namely maximally rotating BTZ black holes, and show that on average they display “slow scrambling”, characterized by cubic (rather than exponential) growth. Superposed on this average power-law growth is a sawtooth pattern, whose steep parts correspond to brief periods of Lyapunov growth associated to the nonzero temperature of the right-moving degrees of freedom in a dual conformal field theory.Next we study the extent to which these OTOCs are modified in certain “superstrata”, horizonless microstate geometries corresponding to these black holes. Rather than an infinite throat ending on a horizon, these geometries have a very deep but finite throat ending in a cap. We find that the superstrata display the same slow scrambling as maximally rotating BTZ black holes, except that for large enough time intervals the growth of the OTOC is cut off by effects related to the cap region, some of which we evaluate explicitly.

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Section: Shock Wave In Extremal Btzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries

Craps

Clerck

Hacker

et al. 2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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show abstract

“…This makes it more difficult to generalize conclusions about individual modes to generic perturbations. Work in this direction is underway [53].…”

Section: Appendix B: Discrete Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling and universality in extremal black hole perturbations

Gralla

Zimmerman

2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We show that the emergent near-horizon conformal symmetry of extremal black holes gives rise to universal behavior in perturbing fields, both near and far from the black hole horizon. The scale-invariance of the near-horizon region entails power law timedependence with three universal features: (1) the decay off the horizon is always precisely twice as fast as the decay on the horizon; (2) the special rates of 1/t off the horizon and 1/ √ v on the horizon commonly occur; and (3) sufficiently high-order transverse derivatives grow on the horizon (Aretakis instability). The results are simply understood in terms of nearhorizon (AdS 2 ) holography. We first show how the general features follow from symmetry alone and then go on to present the detailed universal behavior of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations of d-dimensional electrovacuum black holes.

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“…It has already been argued that extremal BHs should be asymptotically unstable [22,23], and it is natural to ask whether the instability associated to the presence of a photon sphere and that associated to extremal horizons, are actually different ways to describe the same phenomenon. It seems that trapped orbits are indeed present near extremal horizons [24,25]. While a linear analysis, as the one reported here, is not sufficient to provide a definitive answer to this issue, it can nonetheless enlighten us on the possible relation between the two aforementioned phenomena.…”

Section: Jcap01(2024)020mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Presently, and differently from the photon sphere instability, the Aretakis instability lacks of a sound physical interpretation. In [24,25] it has been tentatively connected to the presence of null geodesics trapped near the horizon, that is geodesics that orbit arbitrarily many times around the horizon before falling in. If this connection will be confirmed then it will strongly suggest that the Aretakis instability should be interpreted as a special case of the photon sphere one.…”

Section: Jcap01(2024)020mentioning

confidence: 99%

From regular black holes to horizonless objects: quasi-normal modes, instabilities and spectroscopy

Franzin,

Liberati,

Vellucci

2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We study gravitational and test-field perturbations for the two possible families of spherically symmetric black-hole mimickers that smoothly interpolate between regular black holes and horizonless compact objects accordingly to the value of a regularization parameter. One family can be described by the Bardeen-like metrics, and the other by the Simpson-Visser metric. We compute the spectrum of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of these spacetimes enlightening a common misunderstanding regarding this computation present in the recent literature. In both families, we observe long-living modes for values of the regularization parameter corresponding to ultracompact, horizonless configurations. Such modes appear to be associated with the presence of a stable photon sphere and are indicative of potential non-linear instabilities. In general, the QNM spectra of both families display deviations from the standard spectrum of GR singular BHs. In order to address the future detectability of such deviations in the gravitational-wave ringdown signal, we perform a preliminary study, finding that third generation ground-based detectors might be sensible to macroscopic values of the regularization parameter.

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Horizon instability of the extremal BTZ black hole

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries

Slow scrambling in extremal BTZ and microstate geometries

Scaling and universality in extremal black hole perturbations

From regular black holes to horizonless objects: quasi-normal modes, instabilities and spectroscopy

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