Horizontal ground reaction forces to stationary running performed in the water and on dry land at different physiological intensities

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the peak anterior-posterior (Fy) and medio-lateral (Fx) ground reaction forces (GRFs) of women performing stationary running at different intensities in aquatic and dry land environments. Fourteen young women performed the stationary running exercise at three cadences (first ventilatory threshold, second ventilatory threshold and maximum effort, as determined during exercise in water) in aquatic and dry land environments. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the data (α = .05). As a result, significantly lower peak Fy anterior, Fy posterior, Fx medial and Fx lateral values were observed for the aquatic environment, except for the Fy posterior at the first ventilatory threshold. Significant differences were observed between cadences in the peak Fy anterior, Fy posterior, Fx medial and Fx lateral values, with higher values for the cadence corresponding to maximum effort compared to the first ventilatory threshold, except for the Fy posterior and Fx medial in the aquatic environment. The results indicate that the horizontal GRFs are reduced in the aquatic environment and depend on the intensity of stationary running exercise performance.

Water‐based exercises in postmenopausal women: Vertical ground reaction force and oxygen uptake responses

“…In addition, water resistance is multidirectional, promoting an overload against exercises performed in all directions (Torres‐Ronda & del Alcázar, 2014). Due to these characteristics, water aerobics is considered as a low impact modality for individuals who need to practice exercises with low osteoarticular loads (Alberton et al, 2013a; Alberton et al, 2015; Alberton et al, 2017; de Brito Fontana et al, 2012; de Brito Fontana et al, 2018; Fontana, Ruschel, Haupenthal, Hubert, & Roesler, 2015), in association to a high cardiorespiratory demand (Alberton et al, 2013b; Alberton et al, 2014a; Kruel et al, 2013).…”

Prediction of ground reaction forces while walking in water

“…Roesler et al did not find a significant increase in Fy between a “slow” (metronome controlling cadence) and a “fast” (as fast as possible) gait but reported Fx values considerably higher for the fast gait [11]. The effect of velocity on Fx in water seems to be greater than that observed on land [43]. On land, an increase in velocity from 1 m/s to 2.5 m/s leads to an approximate increase of 100 N in the antero-posterior force peaks [38,40].…”

Exercícios para um envelhecimento saudável

“…A vantagem dos exercícios aquáticos em relação aos exercícios terrestres é que, além de ser possível atingir benefícios nos diversos componentes da aptidão física, o meio líquido proporciona reduzido impacto nos membros inferiores (BARELA et al, 2006;KRUEL et al, 2018) e maior ou menor sobrecarga cardiorrespiratória, de acordo com os movimentos propostos (ALBERTON et al, 2017;KRUEL et al, 2018;SANTOS et al, 2014). Logo, é importante a melhor compreensão dessas alterações fisiológicas em imersão em repouso para que seja possível a realização de melhor prescrição e supervisão do exercício nesse meio.…”

“…Além disso, a resistência da água é multidirecional e promove uma sobrecarga contra exercícios realizados em todas as direções (TORRES-RONDA; DEL ALCÁZAR, 2014). Devido a essas características, a hidroginástica bem como a natação são consideradas como uma modalidade de baixo impacto para indivíduos que precisam praticar exercícios com baixas cargas osteoarticulares (ALBERTON et al, 2017;DE BRITO FONTANA et al, 2018;HAUPENTHAL et al, 2019) em associação a uma alta demanda cardiorrespiratória (KRAUSE et al, 2007;KRUEL et al, 2018).…”