Horizontal inequality and armed conflict: a comprehensive literature review

Hillesund, Solveig; Bahgat, Karim; Gray, Barrett; Dupuy, Kendra; Gates, Scott; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Rustad, Siri Aas; Strand, Håvard; Urdal, Henrik; Østby, Gudrun

doi:10.1080/02255189.2018.1517641

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is important to emphasize that while resources are not endless, equitably distributing them need not be viewed as a zero-sum endeavor. For example, a more equitable society is less prone to conflicts (Hillesund et al 2018). Importantly, while more inclusive access benefits all (e.g., parents with strollers, bicyclists, and travelers with luggage have benefited from ADA-required wheelchair access) (Bouton 2015), limiting access for the benefit of a few ultimately hurts everyone by stymieing progress and innovation (McGhee 2021; Ukanwa and Rust 2020).…”

Section: Service Research Prioritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Research Priorities: Designing Sustainable Service Ecosystems

Fotheringham

Subramony

et al. 2021

Journal of Service Research

114

129

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This article utilizes input from service scholars, practitioners, reviews of published literature, and influential policy documents to identify service research priorities that push the boundaries of extant research. In a companion piece, we focused on four service research priorities related to managing and delivering service in turbulent times. Further, we identified a set of stakeholder-wants from the literature and included research questions that tie key stakeholder-wants to each of the three priorities in this article and the four priorities in the companion article. Here, we highlight the critical importance of scholarship and practice related to the design of sustainable service ecosystems and discuss three key service research priorities: large-scale and complex service ecosystems for transformative impact (SRP5), platform ecosystems and marketplaces (SRP6), and services for disadvantaged consumers and communities (SRP7). We call for an engaged service scholarship that considers the interrelationships among consumers, organizations, employees, platforms, and societal institutions and pursues transformative goals.

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Section: Service Research Prioritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Research Priorities: Designing Sustainable Service Ecosystems

Fotheringham

Subramony

et al. 2021

Journal of Service Research

114

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An important feature of many human societies is the existence of different identity groups (e.g., ethnic, cultural, religious, political) which are engaged in economic cooperation but simultaneously are involved in competitive interactions juggling for political power. These dynamics often lead to the emergence of different types of (horizontal) inequalities between identity groups which often undermine economic developments and trigger conflicts within society and its instability 12 – 15 . Understanding these processes is complicated by the fact that individuals also interact at the within-group level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horizontal inequality, which is inequality between different identity groups in modern societies, is an important topic of study in economics, sociology, social anthropology, and political science 8 – 11 . Horizontal inequality negatively affects economic efficiency 12 , the production of public goods 13 and government efficiency 14 , and it often leads to social instability and conflicts 15 . Inequality also negatively affect the well-being of citizens in different ways especially when it becomes institutionalized (e.g., as studied in the Social Dominance Theory 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of cooperation, power, and inequality in a group-structured society

Tverskoi

Senthilnathan

Gavrilets

2021

Sci Rep

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Most human societies are characterized by the presence of different identity groups which cooperate but also compete for resources and power. To deepen our understanding of the underlying social dynamics, we model a society subdivided into groups with constant sizes and dynamically changing powers. Both individuals within groups and groups themselves participate in collective actions. The groups are also engaged in political contests over power which determines how jointly produced resources are divided. Using analytical approximations and agent-based simulations, we show that the model exhibits rich behavior characterized by multiple stable equilibria and, under some conditions, non-equilibrium dynamics. We demonstrate that societies in which individuals act independently are more stable than those in which actions of individuals are completely synchronized. We show that mechanisms preventing politically powerful groups from bending the rules of competition in their favor play a key role in promoting between-group cooperation and reducing inequality between groups. We also show that small groups can be more successful in competition than large groups if the jointly-produced goods are rivalrous and the potential benefit of cooperation is relatively small. Otherwise large groups dominate. Overall our model contributes towards a better understanding of the causes of variation between societies in terms of the economic and political inequality within them.

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“…Notably, similar discrepancies between subjective and objective assessments have been identified in other socioeconomic domains. For example, the degree of objective economic inequalities and the subjective perceptions of these may differ-with important implications for conflict risk Hillesund et al 2018).…”

Section: Agricultural Production Shocks Resilience and Participation In Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Drought, Resilience, and Support for Violence: Household Survey Evidence from DR Congo

Uexküll

d’Errico

Jackson

2020

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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The effects of climate variability and change on security are debated. While this topic has received considerable attention in both policy circles and academia, the microlevel pathways and conditions under which climatic shocks increase conflict risks are poorly understood. We suggest that household resilience provides one key to understanding these relationships. Using novel household survey data from two conflict-affected regions in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, we study variation in the support for violence related to reported exposure to drought and resilience metrics. Using comprehensive multifaceted objective and subjective indicators of resilience, we find that less resilient respondents who report having experienced drought and associated losses are more likely to be supportive of the use of political violence. In contrast, our findings suggest that there is no general association between reporting drought exposure and support for violence.

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Horizontal inequality and armed conflict: a comprehensive literature review

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Service Research Priorities: Designing Sustainable Service Ecosystems

Service Research Priorities: Designing Sustainable Service Ecosystems

The dynamics of cooperation, power, and inequality in a group-structured society

Drought, Resilience, and Support for Violence: Household Survey Evidence from DR Congo

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