Horizontal Inequality, Crosscutting Cleavages, and Civil War

Gubler, Joshua R.; Selway, Joel Sawat

doi:10.1177/0022002711431416

Cited by 153 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, there has been no research examining horizontal inequality's relationship with the many other adverse phenomena that research in other contexts has documented. Arguably the strongest consensus has formed in respect of its association with violent conflict (Østby 2008;Mancini 2005;Stewart 2010;Gubler and Selway 2012;Cederman et al 2011;Murshed and Gates 2005) where the disparity between ethnic groups is believed to be a source of grievance that motivates rebellion against the state or violence between groups. Grievance also features strongly in descriptive accounts of the conflicts that have beset the Philippines, in particular the insurgencies waged by Moro rebel groups in Mindanao (McKenna 1998;Lara 2014;Gutierrez et al 2000;Majul 1988).…”

Section: Inequality In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

McDoom

Reyes²,

Mina³

et al. 2018

Soc Indic Res

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An overall decline in inequality within a country, when assessed using nationallevel measures, can evidently obscure important variation in inequality at the subnational level. However, social planners face a choice, whose importance we argue is often underestimated, in deciding the appropriate spatial and social boundaries along which inequality should be measured at the local level. We illustrate the consequential nature of this choice by examining a historically unequal country that has experienced a recent overall decline in inequality at the national level. Drawing on census micro-data, we show the Philippines made impressive progress in reducing disparities in education and access to basic public services between 2000 and 2010. This change, however, appears less positive when inequality is measured at the subnational level using spatial and social boundaries selected for their socio-political significance in the Philippines context. Specifically, using measures of total, within-group and between-group inequality, we find important differences within and between three salient ethno-religious groupings-Muslims, indigenous persons, and everyone else-as well as within and between three major island groupings, Mindanao, Visayas, and Luzon. We consider the implication of one of these differences-variation in between-group inequality-by examining its correlation with social and political instability at the subnational level. Our findings underscore the importance of examining inequality at appropriate localized levels of analysis and, specifically, selecting carefully the spatial and social boundaries along which it should be measured.

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Section: Inequality In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality Between Whom? Patterns, Trends, and Implications of Horizontal Inequality in the Philippines

McDoom

Reyes²,

Mina³

et al. 2018

Soc Indic Res

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“…However, instead of focusing on income inequality between groups, we focus on cultural heterogeneity between groups. Another related paper is Gubler and Selway (2012) who use a χ 2 index to look at how the overlap between ethnicity and other dimensions (income, geography, and religious identity) affects civil war. They do not examine the link between ethnicity and cultural values, which is our main focus here.…”

Section: A Civil Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Of particular interest is the important recent paper by Gubler and Selway (2012) who also use a χ 2 index to look at how the overlap between ethnicity and other dimensions (income, geography, and religious identity) affects civil war. Our work differs from theirs for four reasons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture, Ethnicity, and Diversity

Desmet

Ortuño‐Ortín

Wacziarg

2017

American Economic Review

160

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Are ethnic cleavages associated with deep differences in culture between groups? Many people think so. In poor countries, often characterized by a high level of ethnic diversity, concerns arise that groups with heterogeneous values, norms, and attitudes-the broad set of traits that we will refer to as "culture"-may be unable to agree on policies, the provision of public goods, and the broader goals of society. In rich countries, debates rage over multiculturalism and whether population movements brought about by globalization and modernity will result in cultural divisions and the breakdown of social consensus. Underlying these debates is an assumption that people agree within groups and disagree across groups, so that cultural heterogeneity and ethnic heterogeneity are two sides of the same coin. Yet there is little quantitative research on the relationship between ethnicity and culture.In this paper we conduct a systematic investigation of the links between culture and ethnicity. In doing so, we aim to answer the following questions: Is an individual's ethnolinguistic identity a predictor of his norms, values, and preferences? Are ethnolinguistic heterogeneity and cultural heterogeneity highly correlated? What is the degree of overlap between ethnicity and culture? Finally, is the relationship

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“…Religious identities, however, do not seem to be more virulent in this regard than class, ethnicity, or nationality. 14 Similarly, the findings on the intensity of religious conflicts are not as clear-cut as could have been expected. While Jonathan Fox and Monica Toft report some evidence in support of a religion-severity nexus, their conclusions result from bivariate analyses only.…”

Section: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 82%