Horizontal optokinetic ocular nystagmus in the pigmented rat

Hess, BJ; Precht, W.; Reber, Annie; Cazin, L.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(85)90126-5

Cited by 93 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The bandwidth in larval animals compared favorably to other afoveate, lateral-eyed animals, such as rabbit (Collewijn 1969), rat (Hess et al 1985), and mouse (van Alphen et al 2001) and was equal to or greater than the adult goldfish (Keng and Anastasio 1997;Marsh and Baker 1997;Schairer and Bennett 1986b). A comparison of eye velocity at a single frequency (0.125 Hz) showed that larval eye velocity at either 10 or 20°/s was almost double that reported for adult goldfish at 16°/s (Marsh and Baker 1997;Schairer and Bennett 1986b: gains of 0.45 and 0.41, respectively).…”

Section: Visual Performancementioning

confidence: 93%

Quantifying the Ontogeny of Optokinetic and Vestibuloocular Behaviors in Zebrafish, Medaka, and Goldfish

Beck

Gilland

Tank

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

171

220

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Baker. Quantifying the ontogeny of optokinetic and vestibuloocular behaviors in zebrafish, medaka, and goldfish. J Neurophysiol 92: 3546 -3561, 2004. First published July 21, 2004 doi:10.1152/ jn.00311.2004. We quantitatively studied the ontogeny of oculomotor behavior in larval fish as a foundation for studies linking oculomotor structure and function with genetics. Horizontal optokinetic and vestibuloocular reflexes (OKR and VOR, respectively) were measured in three different species (goldfish, zebrafish, and medaka) during the first month after hatching. For all sizes of medaka, and most zebrafish, Bode plots of OKR (0.065-3.0 Hz, Ϯ10°/s) revealed that eye velocity closely followed stimulus velocity (gain Ͼ 0.8) at low frequency but dropped sharply above 1 Hz (gain Ͻ 0.3 at 3 Hz). Goldfish showed increased gain proportional to size across frequencies. Linearity testing with steps and sinusoids showed excellent visual performance (gain Ͼ 0.8) in medaka almost from hatching; but zebrafish and goldfish exhibited progressive improvement, with only the largest equaling medaka performance. Monocular visual stimulation in zebrafish and goldfish produced gains of 0.5 versus Ͻ0.1 for the eye viewing a moving versus stationary stimulus pattern but 0.25 versus Ͻ0.1 in medaka. Angular VOR appeared much later than OKR, initially at only high accelerations (Ͼ200°/s at 0.5 Hz), first in medaka followed by larger (8.11 mm) zebrafish; but it was virtually nonexistent in goldfish. Velocity storage was not observed except for an eye velocity build-up in the largest medaka. In summary, a robust OKR was achieved shortly after hatching in all three species. In contrast, larval fish seem to be unique among vertebrates tested in their lack of significant angular VOR at stages where active movement is required for feeding and survival.

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Section: Visual Performancementioning

confidence: 93%

Quantifying the Ontogeny of Optokinetic and Vestibuloocular Behaviors in Zebrafish, Medaka, and Goldfish

Beck

Gilland

Tank

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

171

220

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brain systems for detecting optic field flow could provide this sensitivity to the head direction system because, for example, the optokinetic system is more sensitive to optic flow at low, rather than high velocities (Hess et al, 1985). An anatomical pathway that could convey optokinetic information to head direction cells passes via the vestibular nuclei to the dorsal lateral tegmental nucleus of Güddens, then the lateral mammillary nuclei before arriving at the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background, But Not Foreground, Spatial Cues Are Taken as References for Head Direction Responses by Rat Anterodorsal Thalamus Neurons

Zugaro¹,

Berthoz²,

Wiener³

2001

J. Neurosci.

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Two populations of limbic neurons are likely neurophysiological substrates for cognitive operations required for spatial orientation and navigation: hippocampal pyramidal cells discharge selectively when the animal is in a certain place (the "firing field") in the environment, whereas head direction cells discharge when the animal orients its head in a specific, "preferred" direction. Cressant et al. (1997) showed that the firing fields of hippocampal place cells reorient relative to a group of three-dimensional objects only if these are at the periphery, but not the center of an enclosed platform. To test for corresponding responses in head direction cells, three objects were equally spaced along the periphery of a circular platform. Preferred directions were measured before and after the group of objects was rotated. (The rat was disoriented in total darkness between sessions). This was repeated in the presence or absence of a cylinder enclosing the platform. When the enclosure was present, the preferred directions of all 30 cells recorded shifted by the same angle as the objects. In the absence of the enclosure, the preferred directions did not follow the objects, remaining fixed relative to the room. These results provide a possible neurophysiological basis for observations from psychophysical experiments in humans that background, rather than foreground, cues are preferentially used for spatial orientation.

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“…Second, OKR gains in mice are greatest in response to relatively low velocities of stimulation (Ͻ10°/s) (Iwashita et al 2001;Stahl 2004) and the resultant build-up of eye velocity in response is less marked with more variable dynamics than in primates (van Alphen et al 2001). Finally, monocular optokinetic responses are restricted to movements in the temporalnasal direction in mice (Collewijn 1969;Hess et al 1985;Sontheimer and Hoffmann 1987;Tauber and Atkin 1968). Further experiments will be needed to establish the relative contributions of processing in the VN versus in the upstream pathways that mediate sensory processing of visual motion shaping the specific dynamics of the OKR response in mice.…”

Section: Most Mouse Vn Neurons Are Not Part Of the Pathway Mediating Okrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

Beraneck¹,

Cullen²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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As a result of the availability of genetic mutant strains and development of noninvasive eye movements recording techniques, the mouse stands as a very interesting model for bridging the gap among behavioral responses, neuronal response dynamics studied in vivo, and cellular mechanisms investigated in vitro. Here we characterized the responses of individual neurons in the mouse vestibular nuclei during vestibular (horizontal whole body rotations) and full field visual stimulation. The majority of neurons (∼2/3) were sensitive to vestibular stimulation but not to eye movements. During the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR), these neurons discharged in a manner comparable to the “vestibular only” (VO) neurons that have been previously described in primates. The remaining neurons [eye-movement-sensitive (ES) neurons] encoded both head-velocity and eye-position information during the VOR. When vestibular and visual stimulation were applied so that there was sensory conflict, the behavioral gain of the VOR was reduced. In turn, the modulation of sensitivity of VO neurons remained unaffected, whereas that of ES neurons was reduced. ES neurons were also modulated in response to full field visual stimulation that evoked the optokinetic reflex (OKR). Mouse VO neurons, however, unlike their primate counterpart, were not modulated during OKR. Taken together, our results show that the integration of visual and vestibular information in the mouse vestibular nucleus is limited to a subpopulation of neurons which likely supports gaze stabilization for both VOR and OKR.

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Horizontal optokinetic ocular nystagmus in the pigmented rat

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Quantifying the Ontogeny of Optokinetic and Vestibuloocular Behaviors in Zebrafish, Medaka, and Goldfish

Quantifying the Ontogeny of Optokinetic and Vestibuloocular Behaviors in Zebrafish, Medaka, and Goldfish

Background, But Not Foreground, Spatial Cues Are Taken as References for Head Direction Responses by Rat Anterodorsal Thalamus Neurons

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

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