Horizontal or Generalized Resistance to Pathogens in Plants

Keane, P. J.

doi:10.5772/30763

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…For example, continued deployment of Php (a race 0 immunity gene) places high selection pressure on P. nicotianae populations to result in rapid increased prevalence of race 1 genotypes (Sullivan et al, 2005b). Although components of partial resistance have been reported to display race specificity (Johnson, 1984; Young, 1996; Poland et al, 2008), and partial resistance does not necessarily infer long‐term durability (Johnson, 1984; Keane, 2012; Montarry et al, 2012), P. nicotianae may be less likely to rapidly overcome resistance genes with partial effects (Parlevliet, 2002; Poland et al, 2008). Even genes with known large effects on pathogen resistance are not necessarily easily overcome (Johnson, 1984; Michelmore et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Shank Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Flue‐Cured Tobacco Lines and Hybrids Carrying the Introgressed Nicotiana rustica Region, Wz

et al. 2015

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Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most important diseases affecting tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production in the United States. Genetic mechanisms are needed that provide resistance to current races and that can be combined into cultivars that provide high yields of cured leaf with acceptable quality. Previous research identified DNA markers associated with an introgressed N. rustica genomic region (designated as Wz) found to contribute to resistance to race 0 and race 1 isolates. Objectives of the current research were to use DNA markers to transfer Wz into the elite genetic background of flue‐cured tobacco cultivar K 326 and to develop nearly isogenic lines and hybrids with and without the race 0 immunity gene Php. These materials were evaluated in multiple environments for black shank resistance, yield, and quality characteristics. Wz was observed to positively affect resistance in the seven diverse disease environments tested. Genotypes in which Wz was combined with Php exhibited the greatest levels of resistance. No evidence of a negative relationship between Wz and yield and/or quality was observed. Data suggest commercial value for Wz in flue‐cured tobacco‐breeding programs with the goal of developing high‐yielding tobacco cultivars with resistance to race 0 and race 1. Further studies are necessary to determine the durability of Wz‐mediated resistance, however.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Shank Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Flue‐Cured Tobacco Lines and Hybrids Carrying the Introgressed Nicotiana rustica Region, Wz

et al. 2015

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“…race specificity (gene-for-gene resistance). 15 Therefore, resistance is ineffective in protecting the plants when new pathogen strains appear after a few years of use. 16 Due to the high frequency of emerging resistance-breaking pathogens against R-genes, the focus now is on using signaling and defense-related genes for breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a defense response gene involved in signaling pathways against PVA and PVY in potato

et al. 2020

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Potato is the most important non-grain food crop in the world. Viruses, particularly potato virus Y (PVY) and potato virus A (PVA), are among the major agricultural pathogens causing severe reduction in potato yield and quality worldwide. Virus infection induces host factors to interfere with its infection cycle. Evaluation of these factors facilitates the development of intrinsic resistance to plant viruses. In this study, a small G-protein as one of the critical signaling factors was evaluated in plant response to PVY and PVA to enhance resistance. For this purpose, the gene expression dataset of G-proteins in potato plant under five biotic (viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and insects) and four abiotic (cold, heat, salinity, and drought) stress conditions were collected from gene expression databases. We reduced the number of the selected G-proteins to a single protein, StSAR1A, which is possibly involved in virus inhibition. StSAR1A overexpressed transgenic plants were created via the Agrobacterium-mediated method. Real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests of transgenic plants mechanically inoculated with PVY and PVA indicated that the overexpression of StSAR1A gene enhanced resistance to both viruses. The virus-infected transgenic plants exhibited a greater stem length, a larger leaf size, a higher fresh/dry weight, and a greater node number than those of the wild-type plants. The maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, stomatal conductivity, and net photosynthetic rate in the virusinfected transgenic plants were also obviously higher than those of the control. The present study may help to understand aspects of resistance against viruses.

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“…Concurrently, the percentage of isolates possessing these virulence factors has increased since the last survey, by 31% for Rps1c and 38% for Rps1k (Table 3). On the other hand, the accumulation of virulence factors may be associated with a cost in fitness for pathogens (Keane 2012;Gijzen et al 2014), e.g. due to a loss in function of the recessive gene product, and this may explain why the average number of avr factor remains four per isolate, the same as what was found in the last Canadian survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Races ofPhytophthora sojaein Ontario, Canada, 2010–2012

Xue

Marchand

Chen

et al. 2015

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is a devastating disease of soybean worldwide, and has been present in Canada since the 1950s. Major resistance to P. sojae (Rps) genes have been deployed by soybean breeders to mitigate yield losses, which has caused shifts in the pathogen population to more complex pathotypes and the emergence of new races. This study reports on a survey of races and pathotypes of P. sojae throughout 203 commercial soybean fields and two PRR nurseries in the province of Ontario, Canada, and is the first extensive survey to be conducted in Canada since the late 1980s. A total of 22 races and one intermediate reaction type (IRT) were detected from 262 isolates from commercial soybean fields. Race 25 was the predominant race, comprising 43 isolates and representing 16% of the pathogen population. Races 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 28 and 45 were frequently detected, each representing 5-11% of the pathogen population. A total of 16 races and two IRTs were detected in 96 isolates from the two PRR nurseries. Race 3 was the most abundant, representing 23% of isolates, while races 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 25 and 28 each represented 5-10% of total isolates. New races and more complex pathotypes have emerged since the last Canadian survey, and this will have implications for the future deployment of Rps genes or other forms of resistance to P. sojae.Résumé: Le pourridié phytophthoréen des racines (PPR) du soja, causé par l'agent pathogène de la classe des oomycètes Phytophthora sojae, ravage le soja cultivé à l'échelle de la planète, et est présent au Canada depuis les années 1950. Des gènes de résistance verticale à P. sojae (Rps) ont été déployés par les sélectionneurs de soja afin de mitiger les pertes de rendement, ce qui a engendré des changements au sein des populations de l'agent pathogène, vers des profils de virulence plus complexe et l'émergence de nouvelles races. Dans le cadre de cette étude, un relevé des races et pathovars de P. sojae a été effectué à l'échelle de 203 champs de soja en production commerciale et deux pépinières d'études de cette maladie dans la province de l'Ontario, Canada, et représente le premier relevé de cette envergure dans cette région du Canada depuis la fin des années 1980. Au total, 22 races et un type de réaction intermédiaire (TRI) ont été identifiés parmi 262 isolats provenant de champs de soja en production commerciale. La race 25 s'est avérée prédominante, représentant 43 isolats ou 16% du total de la population de l'agent pathogène. Les races 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 28 et 45 ont été fréquemment identifiées, chacune représentant 5 à 11% du total. Un total de 16 races et deux TRIs furent identifiés au sein de 96 isolats provenant des deux pépinières d'études de la maladie. La race 3 était la plus abondante, représentant 23% des isolats, alors que les races 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 25 et 28 représentaient chacune entre 5 et 10% des isolats. De nouvelles races, ainsi que des pathovars plus complexes, ont fait leur apparition depuis le dernier relevé au C...

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Horizontal or Generalized Resistance to Pathogens in Plants

Cited by 19 publications

References 86 publications

Black Shank Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Flue‐Cured Tobacco Lines and Hybrids Carrying the Introgressed Nicotiana rustica Region, Wz

Black Shank Resistance and Agronomic Performance of Flue‐Cured Tobacco Lines and Hybrids Carrying the Introgressed Nicotiana rustica Region, Wz

Identification of a defense response gene involved in signaling pathways against PVA and PVY in potato

Races ofPhytophthora sojaein Ontario, Canada, 2010–2012

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