Horizontal transfer of the <i>msp130</i> gene supported the evolution of metazoan biomineralization

Ettensohn, Charles A.

doi:10.1111/ede.12074

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Additionally, we did not find an msp130 gene in the whole genome sequence of the biomineralising cnidarian, Acropora digitifera, in addition to the other supposedly non-biomineralising non-bilaterian taxa surveyed by Ettensohn (2014). Thus, this cnidarian data does not resolve whether the msp130 genes in bilaterians stem from a HGT event early in bilaterian evolution, before the origin of protostomes and deuterostomes, or instead the gene was present at the origin of animals and has been secondarily lost, not only from some bilaterian lineages, but also several non-bilaterian lineages.…”

Section: Conserved Gene Structure Across Bilateriacontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…We used the full list of MSP130 proteins provided by Ettensohn (2014) to generate neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood trees (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Annelids Possess Msp130mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent paper in Evolution and Development, Ettensohn (2014) investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the MSP130 family, finding that it is only present in prokaryotes and a handful of disparate eukaryotic clades. Among animals, only deuterostomes and certain molluscs possessed msp130 genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another biomineralising protostome with an msp130 gene and conservation of msp130 gene structure across Bilateria

Szabó

Ferrier

2015

Evolution and Development

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SUMMARY Msp130 genes are known for their association with biomineralisation, principally in echinoderm skeletogenesis. Recently, msp130 genes were shown to exist more widely across the animal kingdom, including in molluscs, and a hypothesis was formed that the genes had arisen independently in the deuterostome and mollusc lineages via horizontal gene transfer, thus facilitating the evolution of biomineralisation in these distinct lineages (Ettensohn, 2014). Here we show that another biomineralising protostome, the polychaete Spirobranchus (formerly Pomatoceros) lamarcki also possesses an msp130 gene, and expresses it during a biomineralisation process. However, based on analysis of gene structure, we hypothesize that the protostome and deuterostome msp130 genes did not originate from independent horizontal gene transfers, but instead are descended from a gene already present in the bilaterian ancestor, with the gene being secondarily lost from several lineages.

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Section: Conserved Gene Structure Across Bilateriacontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…We used the full list of MSP130 proteins provided by Ettensohn (2014) to generate neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood trees (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Annelids Possess Msp130mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another biomineralising protostome with an msp130 gene and conservation of msp130 gene structure across Bilateria

Szabó

Ferrier

2015

Evolution and Development

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“…proteins are also expressed selectively in biomineralizing tissues in other marine phyla, pointing to a conserved role (Ettensohn, 2014;Szabó & Ferrier, 2015 Regulatory inputs into PMC effector genes (S. purpuratus). More than 400 effector genes are expressed selectively by PMCs (Rafiq et al, 2014), of which only a small subset is shown here.…”

Section: Activation Of Skeletogenic Effector Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From genome to anatomy: The architecture and evolution of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins and other echinoderms

Shashikant

Khor

Ettensohn

2018

Genesis

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The skeletogenic gene regulatory network (GRN) of sea urchins and other echinoderms is one of the most intensively studied transcriptional networks in any developing organism. As such, it serves as a pre-eminent model of GRN architecture and evolution. This review summarizes our current understanding of this developmental network. We describe in detail the most comprehensive model of the skeletogenic GRN, one developed for the euechinoid sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, including its initial deployment by maternal inputs, its elaboration and stabilization through regulatory gene interactions, and its control of downstream effector genes that directly drive skeletal morphogenesis. We highlight recent comparative studies that have leveraged the euechinoid GRN model to examine the evolution of skeletogenic programs in diverse echinoderms, studies that have revealed both conserved and divergent features of skeletogenesis within the phylum. Lastly, we summarize the major insights that have emerged from analysis of the structure and evolution of the echinoderm skeletogenic GRN and identify key, unresolved questions as a guide for future work.

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“…In these families, changes in cis-regulatory sequences appear to enable the high expression of these genes in mantle cells. Another evolutionary mode of shell matrix proteins could be horizontal gene transfer, although horizontal gene transfer has not been reported in molluscs, there is evidence that this process supports biomineralisation in other taxa , Ettensohn 2014). …”

Section: The Molecular Basis and Modes Of Shell Matrix Protein Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of gene family evolution and the molecular basis of shell formation in molluscs

Aguilera¹

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Since the emergence of shell-bearing molluscs in the Early Cambrian, diverse shell forms have evolved. Modern molluscs are renowned for a highly complex and robust shell, which is the product of the orchestrated expression of genes and secretion of a large number of proteins and other macromolecules from the epithelium of a specialised organ called the mantle. Molluscan shells display remarkable morphological diversity, structure and ornamentation, however the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution and formation of the shell remain largely unknown. In this thesis, I seek to investigate the nature of the mantle transcriptome focussing on the timing of origin of genes expressed in the mantle and the evolutionary history of gene families that encode secreted proteins in representatives of bivalve and gastropod species.First, by comparative transcriptomics of the mantle, I determined the origin and evolution of gene families expressed in this organ. Gene origin analyses show that most genes expressed in the mantle are taxon-restricted innovations (i.e. unique to a particular species), although a large number of genes arose along the stems leading to the bilaterian and molluscan last common ancestors. Focussing on gene families that encode secreted proteins that are likely to be embedded within the shell and/or to regulate shell construction, I found that these are comprised of both ancient and lineage-specific gene families. The evolution of these gene families is highly dynamic with prolific gene family gains and losses over evolutionary time. By comparing sequences, I also detected indications of positively selected gene families over molluscan evolution. These gene families show unique patterns of enrichment of protein domains, and presumably molecular functions, that are taxa-specific, suggesting that bivalves and gastropods use almost completely different secretory repertoire to construct their shells.I then focused on an ancient gene family expressed in the molluscan mantles -the tyrosinase gene family -to understand how a conserved gene family has been co-opted into the biomineralisation pathway. I found no evidence of large-scale expansion of tyrosinase genes in gastropods, whereas tyrosinase genes in bivalves have undergone substantial independent gene expansions in at least two lineages (Pinctada spp. and Crassostrea gigas), and that the resulting gene duplicates have been co-opted into the mantle gene regulatory network. Many of the tyrosinase genes are found in clusters within the genomes and are expressed at relatively high levels in the mantle. Detailed 3 comparisons of tyrosinase gene expression in different regions of the mantle in two closely related pearl oysters, P. maxima and P. margaritifera, reveal that recently evolved orthologous genes have unique expression profiles across the mantle with high expression levels at the distal mantle edge, suggesting roles in colouration and/or prismatic shell layer construction. Differences in expression levels are consistent with the rapid evo...

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Horizontal transfer of the msp130 gene supported the evolution of metazoan biomineralization

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Another biomineralising protostome with an msp130 gene and conservation of msp130 gene structure across Bilateria

Another biomineralising protostome with an msp130 gene and conservation of msp130 gene structure across Bilateria

From genome to anatomy: The architecture and evolution of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins and other echinoderms

Investigation of gene family evolution and the molecular basis of shell formation in molluscs

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