Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Among Members of a Wrestling Club in Japan

Takata, Kazuhide; Yamauchi, Eri; Shakado, Satoshi; Uehara, Yoshio; Fukuda, Hiromi; Yamauchi, Ryo; Tsuchiya, Naoaki; Kunimoto, Hideo; Tanaka, Takashi; Yokoyama, Keiji; Morihara, Daisuke; Takeyama, Yoshifumi; Sakisaka, Shotaro; Hirai, Fumihito

doi:10.12659/ajcr.925044

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Table 2 summarizes existing and emerging RDTs and their potential applicability to LMICs. Innovative technologies that detect disease markers of viral hepatitis in other easy to obtain bodily fluids, such as sweat, may be developed for future use to understand its role in HBV transmission (134,135), particularly in tropical areas where high temperatures enhance profuse sweating. Proposals on innovative technologies should be funded by government, and the private and public sectors so as to support research activities and manufacturing of new RTD technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Shenge¹,

Osiowy

2021

Front.Virol.

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The global health challenge posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) persists, especially in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where underdiagnosis of these viral infections remains a barrier to the elimination target of 2030. HBV and HCV infections are responsible for most liver-related mortality worldwide. Infected individuals are often unaware of their condition and as a result, continue to transmit these viruses. Although conventional diagnostic tests exist, in LMIC they are largely inaccessible due to high costs or a lack of trained personnel, resulting in poor linkage to care and increased infections. Timely and accurate diagnosis is needed to achieve elimination of hepatitis B and C by the year 2030 as set out by the World Health Organization Global Health Sector Strategy. In this review rapid diagnostic tests allowing for quick and cost-effective screening and diagnosis of HBV and HCV, are discussed, as are their features, including suitability, reliability, and applicability in LMIC, particularly those within Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Shenge¹,

Osiowy

2021

Front.Virol.

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“…Reports of such transmission, mostly focusing on HBV, have been published among wrestlers and American football players 3 4. As HBV is found in bodily fluids, bleeding injuries and open wounds sustained during contact sport could render athletes susceptible if exposed to an infected individual 5. The current consensus across health organisations and professional bodies adopts a risk-based approach, where regional prevalence of HBV/HCV is one of the main considerations for universal testing in a particular geographical area 6.…”

Section: Relevance To Professional Sportspersonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic viral hepatitis in athletes: an overlooked population?

2022

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“…Indeed, bodily fluids can contain actively replicating viruses and are capable of causing infection as demonstrated in an experiment where the tear of an HBV-infected child caused HBV infection in two human hepatocyte-transplanted mice via hematogenous contact [ 19 ]. This is further illustrated by a case report of acute HBV in 3 wrestlers in the same club, which showed that horizontal transmission of HBV is possible even without sexual or bleeding contact [ 5 ]. Therefore, bodily fluids other than blood or semen, such as sweat, are theoretically capable of transmission of HBV to close contacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, the risk of HBV transmission is proportional to the viral load in the index case. In previous reports of HBV transmission among wrestlers, the viral load in those with acute hepatitis B virus infection ranged from 4.3 to 7.2 logs [ 5 ], in mostly HBeAg-positive subjects. Moreover, the vulnerability of individuals to the HBV-infected bodily fluid depends on the degree of exposure, i.e., presence of wounds and mucosal contact, and whether the individuals are immunised against HBV (see 'Vaccination for HBsAg Negative Sportspersons' below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 1.34 million people died from viral hepatitisrelated chronic liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2015, which was comparable to deaths caused by tuberculosis and higher than those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [2]. Transmission of hepatitis viruses, such as HBV, has been documented by non-conventional routes among athletes participating in contact sports like wrestling [3][4][5] and football [6] due to close contact of the subjects and bleeding from combat activities and collisions occurring in any contact sport [7,8]. The risks of transmission of hepatitis viruses among elite athletes are hard to quantify owing to the scarcity of data in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Elite Athletes: Approaches to Risk Assessment, Prevention and Management

2022

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Elite athletes who participate in contact sports are at risk of bleeding injuries, leading to transmission of blood-borne viruses including hepatitis type B, C and D (HBV, HCV and HDV) capable of causing chronic liver disease, liver failure and liver cancer. In view of the significant advances in the viral hepatitis field over the past decade, more structured approaches should be in place to screen for and manage viral hepatitis in elite athletes. HBV status should be assessed in all elite athletes, and those infected should receive nucleos(t)ide analogues for viral suppression, while uninfected individuals should receive HBV vaccination. The all-oral direct acting antivirals for HCV are highly effective and safe, thus the remaining challenge with hepatitis C is case identification and linkage to care. HDV is only found in HBV-infected individuals, which is characterized by rapid disease progression and higher rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer in infected subjects. Pegylated interferon was the mainstay of treatment for HDV infection until bulevirtide, a viral entry inhibitor, was recently approved by the European Union (EMA) and FDA in America, while multiple novel therapies are already in clinical trials as part of the HBV cure program. Overall, awareness of chronic viral hepatitis in athletes should be improved. Prevention remains the cornerstone of the management of viral hepatitis in sport coupled with rigorous disease assessment in infected individuals, and antiviral therapy where indicated.

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Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Among Members of a Wrestling Club in Japan

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Chronic viral hepatitis in athletes: an overlooked population?

Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Elite Athletes: Approaches to Risk Assessment, Prevention and Management

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