Horizontal transmission of nervous necrosis virus between turbot Scophthalmus maximus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua using cohabitation challenge

Korsnes, Kjetil; Karlsbakk, Egil; Nylund, Are; Nerland, Audun Helge

doi:10.3354/dao02454

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In general, fish at younger stages are more susceptible to betanodaviruses (3,42) and experimental infections by immersion (or bath) methods result in higher mortality at larval stages (43,44,45) but lower mortality in juveniles or older fish (43,46,47), regardless of the virus genotype. This age resistance has not helped elucidation of the infection mechanisms of VNN in fish at growout stages, although a few reports have described infections in juveniles performed by immersion or cohabitation challenges (48,49,50,51). The present infection system using virus-contaminated water from infected fish seemed to mimic the naturally occurring infection mode and thus could be useful as an infection model for dynamic studies on the horizontal transmission of betanodaviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cell Culture Isolation of Piscine Nodavirus (Betanodavirus) in Fish-Rearing Seawater

Nishi

Yamashita

Kawato

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cell Culture Isolation of Piscine Nodavirus (Betanodavirus) in Fish-Rearing Seawater

Nishi

Yamashita

Kawato

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although infective particles of NNV were recovered from the testes of both species, only in the testes of gilthead seabream were viral proteins (the capsid and B2 protein) detected by immunohistochemistry techniques [113]. Several studies about the transmission mechanisms of NNV point to both horizontal and vertical transmission modes [92,94,[127][128][129][130][131]. Furthermore, in orange-spotted grouper, NNV was detected into the embryos, in which the virus continues replicating during the early stages of development, demonstrating that it is able to be vertically transmitted [130].…”

Section: Nodavirus As a Viral Model To Unravel Fish Immuno-endocrine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

Valero

Cuesta

Cammarata

et al. 2018

Fishes

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Abstract:The interaction between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized in vertebrates. In fish, it is known that the prevalence and intensity of such infections are higher in males than in females and probably related to sex steroid hormone levels. In addition, the immune response in the fish gonad tissues is specifically regulated to prevent infertility. This condition is used by some pathogens to colonize the fish gonad, evade the systemic immune response, and so spread to the progeny. This review brings up to date our knowledge concerning fish gonad immunity and its regulation, immune-endocrine interactions, and how some pathogens use this tissue to spread to the progeny through vertical transmission. More specifically, we will look at the case of the European sea bass and nodavirus (NNV). Sea bass is a very susceptible fish species to NNV infections, and this virus has been associated to vertical transmission since it is detected in gonad fluids as well as in testicular gametes. In fact, sea bass immunity in the gonad is regulated in a very different way to other target tissues (brain and retina) or immune-relevant tissues (head-kidney or spleen).

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“…Betanodavirus interspecies transmission has been reported (Manin & Ransangan ; Korsnes et al . ) and represents a risk for any susceptible fish species inhabiting the same area as a NNV‐infected fish. Likewise, turbot has been demonstrated to be susceptible to betanodavirus belonging to the genotypes SJNNV (Húsgard et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, in Galicia (NW Spain), the Senegalese sole rearing is closely related with the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farming. Betanodavirus interspecies transmission has been reported (Manin & Ransangan 2011;Korsnes et al 2012) and represents a risk for any susceptible fish species inhabiting the same area as a NNV-infected fish. Likewise, turbot has been demonstrated to be susceptible to betanodavirus belonging to the genotypes SJNNV (H usgard et al 2001) and BFNNV (Sommerset et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Souto

Olveira

Dopazo

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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In this study, the susceptibility of turbot juveniles to two betanodavirus strains was assessed, a RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant (Ss160.03) and a SJNNV strain. The reassortant isolate exhibits a slightly modified SJNNV CP, with two amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal domain (positions 247 and 270). To analyse the role of these residues as virulence and host determinants in turbot, three recombinant strains (rSs160.03 , rSs160.03 , rSs160.03 ) harbouring site-specific mutations in the CP sequence were also tested in experimental trials. Moderate mortalities (up to 50%) were recorded at 18 °C in the fish challenged with the Ss160.03 strain, whereas low mortalities (17%) were observed in the group challenged with the SJNNV strain. A slight decrease (around 10%) was observed in the mortalities caused by the mutants rSs160.03 and rSs160.03 , whilst the mutation of both positions reduced mortality by more than half of that observed in fish challenged with the wild strain. These results are confirmed by the replication in brain tissues, because whereas the wild strain was detected from 5 to 30 dpi and reached the highest viral load, the recombinant virus harbouring both mutations was not detected in the brain until 20 dpi and with a moderate viral load.

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Horizontal transmission of nervous necrosis virus between turbot Scophthalmus maximus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua using cohabitation challenge

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Cell Culture Isolation of Piscine Nodavirus (Betanodavirus) in Fish-Rearing Seawater

Cell Culture Isolation of Piscine Nodavirus (Betanodavirus) in Fish-Rearing Seawater

Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

Reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

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