Hormonal and metabolic responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia

Allsopp, Giselle; Addinsall, Alex B.; Hoffmann, Samantha; Russell, Aaron P.; Wright, Craig

doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04897-4

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Only one study [ 47 ] had a sample including solely males (n = 24), while the remaining investigations used mixed samples (n ranging 8–22 males and 4–32 females, respectively). The duration of the interventions varied widely, from short-term (4–6 weeks) [ 29 , 38 , 39 ], to intermediate (8–12 weeks) [ 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 45 – 47 ] and long-term duration (18–24 weeks) [ 32 – 35 , 42 – 44 ], with a frequency of 2–4 sessions per week. The duration of the sessions was also very wide-ranging, from 16-min per session [ 35 , 42 – 44 ] up to 90–120 min per session [ 38 , 39 , 47 ], and with intermediate durations of 30–60 min per session [ 29 , 32 – 34 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of the interventions varied widely, from short-term (4–6 weeks) [ 29 , 38 , 39 ], to intermediate (8–12 weeks) [ 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 45 – 47 ] and long-term duration (18–24 weeks) [ 32 – 35 , 42 – 44 ], with a frequency of 2–4 sessions per week. The duration of the sessions was also very wide-ranging, from 16-min per session [ 35 , 42 – 44 ] up to 90–120 min per session [ 38 , 39 , 47 ], and with intermediate durations of 30–60 min per session [ 29 , 32 – 34 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 46 ]. All interventions were performed under moderate normobaric hypoxia, with %FiO 2 ranging 13.0–16.1% or %SpO 2 ranging 75–85%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six of the seventeen studies evaluated metabolic parameters [ 32 , 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 46 ] such as glucose, total and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin, insulin sensitivity index and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). None of the studies showed significantly improved values after an IH intervention compared to normoxia, either using a passive [ 32 , 36 ] or active [ 37 , 40 , 41 , 46 ] paradigm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding metabolic parameters, none of the five studies that investigated these variables revealed significant differences between either passive [ 32 , 36 ] or active [ 37 , 40 , 41 , 46 ] IH and similar intervention in normoxia. Given the fact that the participants included in those experiments had healthy normative values for metabolic parameters, it is plausible that IH did not affect them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen studies [29,33,34,36,37,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] were classified as RCTs, one study [32] as a quasi-experimental clinical trial, and two studies [35,38] were described as pilot studies. Only one study [47] had a sample including solely males (n = 24), while the remaining investigations used mixed samples (n ranging 8-22 males and 4-32 females, respectively).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Studies and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia on Health-Related Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2023

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Background Aging is a degenerative process that is associated with an increased risk of diseases. Intermittent hypoxia has been investigated in reference to performance and health-related functions enhancement. This systematic review aimed to summarize the effect of either passive or active intermittent normobaric hypoxic interventions compared with normoxia on health-related outcomes in healthy older adults. Methods Relevant studies were searched from PubMed and Web of Science databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (since their inceptions up until August 9, 2022) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and pilot studies; (2) Studies involving humans aged > 50 years old and without any chronic diseases diagnosed; (3) interventions based on in vivo intermittent systemic normobaric hypoxia exposure; (4) articles focusing on the analysis of health-related outcomes (body composition, metabolic, bone, cardiovascular, functional fitness or quality of life). Cochrane Collaboration recommendations were used to assess the risk of bias. Results From 509 articles initially found, 17 studies were included. All interventions were performed in moderate normobaric hypoxia, with three studies using passive exposure, and the others combining intermittent hypoxia with training protocols (i.e., using resistance-, whole body vibration- or aerobic-based exercise). Conclusions Computed results indicate a limited effect of passive/active intermittent hypoxia (ranging 4–24 weeks, 2–4 days/week, 16–120 min/session, 13–16% of fraction of inspired oxygen or 75–85% of peripheral oxygen saturation) compared to similar intervention in normoxia on body composition, functional fitness, cardiovascular and bone health in healthy older (50–75 years old) adults. Only in specific settings (i.e., intermediate- or long-term interventions with high intensity/volume training sessions repeated at least 3 days per week), may intermittent hypoxia elicit beneficial effects. Further research is needed to determine the dose–response of passive/active intermittent hypoxia in the elderly. Trial registration. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022338648.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Studies and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia on Health-Related Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2023

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The chronic leukocyte and inflammatory cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia; a randomized controlled trial

Allsopp,

Addinsall,

Stephenson

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Trial design Older adults experience chronic dysregulation of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, both at rest and in response to resistance training. Systemic hypoxia modulates leukocytes and cytokines, therefore this study characterized the effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte and cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training. Methods 20 adults aged 60–70 years performed eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training in either normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O2), consisting of two lower body and two upper body exercises. Venous blood was drawn before and after the training intervention and flow cytometry was used to quantify resting neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, in addition to the subsets of lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer (NK) cells). Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified; interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Acute changes in leukocytes and cytokines were also measured in the 24 h following the last training session. Results After the intervention there was a greater concentration of resting white blood cells (p = 0.03; 20.3% higher) T cells (p = 0.008; 25.4% higher), B cells (p = 0.004; 32.6% higher), NK cells (p = 0.012; 43.9% higher) and eosinophils (p = 0.025; 30.8% higher) in hypoxia compared to normoxia, though the cytokines were unchanged. No acute effect of hypoxia was detected in the 24 h following the last training session for any leukocyte population or inflammatory cytokine (p < 0.05). Conclusions Hypoxic training caused higher concentrations of resting lymphocytes and eosinophils, when compared to normoxic training. Hypoxia may have an additional beneficial effect on the immunological status of older adults. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Trial number: ACTRN12623001046695. Registered 27/9/2023. Retrospectively registered. All protocols adhere to the COSORT guidelines.

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Effect of Hypoxia Conditioning on Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

He,

Qiang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Sports Med - Open

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Background The effects of hypoxia conditioning, which involves recurrent exposure to hypoxia combined with exercise training, on improving body composition in the ageing population have not been extensively investigated. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to determine if hypoxia conditioning, compared to similar training near sea level, maximizes body composition benefits in middle-aged and older adults. Methods A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases (up to 27th November 2022) was performed, including the reference lists of relevant papers. Three independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and health outcome measures. Search results were limited to original studies of the effects of hypoxia conditioning on body composition in middle-aged and older adults. Results Twelve studies with a total of 335 participants were included. Hypoxia conditioning induced greater reductions in body mass index (MD = -0.92, 95%CI: -1.28 to -0.55, I2 = 0%, p < 0.00001) and body fat (SMD = -0.38, 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.07, I2 = 49%, p = 0.01) in middle-aged and older adults compared with normoxic conditioning. Hypoxia conditioning improved lean mass with this effect not being larger than equivalent normoxic interventions in either middle-aged or older adults (SMD = 0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to 0.25, I2 = 0%, p = 0.48). Subgroup analysis showed that exercise in moderate hypoxia (FiO2 > 15%) had larger effects than more severe hypoxia (FiO2 ≤ 15%) for improving body mass index in middle-aged and older adults. Hypoxia exposure of at least 60 min per session resulted in larger benefits for both body mass index and body fat. Conclusion Hypoxia conditioning, compared to equivalent training in normoxia, induced greater body fat and body mass index improvements in middle-aged and older adults. Adding hypoxia exposure to exercise interventions is a viable therapeutic solution to effectively manage body composition in ageing population.

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Hormonal and metabolic responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia on Health-Related Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Effects of Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia on Health-Related Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

The chronic leukocyte and inflammatory cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia; a randomized controlled trial

Effect of Hypoxia Conditioning on Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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