Hormonal aspects in the causation of human breast cancer: Epidemiological hypotheses reviewed, with special reference to nutritional status and first pregnancy

Waard, F. de; Thijssen, J. H. H.

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.08.005

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Excessive estrogenic activity, such as estrogen-based postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptive agents with estrogenic activity, early menarche or late menopause, is associated with increased risk for breast cancer and/or endometrial cancer [71][72][73]. Accumulating evidence indicates that ER␤ may function as a tumor suppressor and therefore can be exploited for cancer prevention and therapy [9,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile counteracts the estrogenic activity of estrogen receptor-alpha agonist propylpyrazole-triol in the mammary gland of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats

Song

Pan

2012

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile counteracts the estrogenic activity of estrogen receptor-alpha agonist propylpyrazole-triol in the mammary gland of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats

Song

Pan

2012

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…When menarche is accelerated without a concomitant acceleration in the timing of menopause, it is widely thought that the increased duration of hormone exposure over a lifetime promotes the development of breast cancer (de Waard and Thijssen 2005). However, it may be that the pubertal transition itself is critical because of rapid breast development and the susceptibility of rapidly duplicating cells to environmental insults (Berkey et al 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers: Transdisciplinary Research on the Role of the Environment in Breast Cancer Etiology

Hiatt

Haslam²,

Osuch

2009

Environ Health Perspect

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ObjectivesWe introduce and describe the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers (BCERC), a research network with a transdisciplinary approach to elucidating the role of environmental factors in pubertal development as a window on breast cancer etiology. We describe the organization of four national centers integrated into the BCERC network.Data sourcesInvestigators use a common conceptual framework based on multiple levels of biologic, behavioral, and social organization across the life span. The approach connects basic biologic studies with rodent models and tissue culture systems, a coordinated multicenter epidemiologic cohort study of prepubertal girls, and the integration of community members of breast cancer advocates as key members of the research team to comprise the network.Data extractionRelevant literature is reviewed that describes current knowledge across levels of organization. Individual research questions and hypotheses in BCERC are driven by gaps in our knowledge that are presented at genetic, metabolic, cellular, individual, and environmental (physical and social) levels.Data synthesisAs data collection on the cohort, animal experiments, and analyses proceed, results will be synthesized through a transdisciplinary approach.ConclusionCenter investigators are addressing a large number of specific research questions related to early pubertal onset, which is an established risk factor for breast cancer. BCERC research findings aimed at the primary prevention of breast cancer will be disseminated to the scientific community and to the public by breast cancer advocates, who have been integral members of the research process from its inception.

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“…7–10 A pooled analysis of studies of premenopausal and postmenopausal women revealed that the risk for breast cancer was decreased by 9% and 4%, respectively, for each year that menarche was delayed. 11 There are several possible reasons that later menarche reduced risk for breast cancer, including the relationship between onset of puberty and lifelong exposure to estrogen 12,13 and progesterone, 14 number of proliferating cells in the intralobular terminal ducts, 15 and susceptibility of rapidly developing breast tissue to environmental exposures. 16–18 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal Assessment Method and Baseline Characteristics in a Mixed Longitudinal Study of Girls

et al. 2010

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OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the assessment methods and maturation status for a multisite cohort of girls at baseline recruitment and at ages 7 and 8 years. METHODS The method for pubertal maturation staging was developed collaboratively across 3 sites. Girls at ages 6 to 8 years were recruited at 3 sites: East Harlem, New York; greater Cincinnati metropolitan area; and San Francisco Bay area, California. Baseline characteristics were obtained through interviews with caregivers and anthropometric measurements by trained examiners; breast stage 2 was defined as onset of pubertal maturation. The κ statistic was used to evaluate agreement between master trainers and examiners. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors that are associated with pubertal maturation and linear regression models to examine factors that are associated with height velocity. RESULTS The baseline cohort included 1239 girls. The proportion of girls who had attained breast stage 2 varied by age, race/ethnicity, BMI percentile, and site. At 7 years, 10.4% of white, 23.4% of black non-Hispanic, and 14.9% of Hispanic girls had attained breast stage ≥2; at 8 years, 18.3%, 42.9%, and 30.9%, respectively, had attained breast stage ≥2. The prime determinant of height velocity was pubertal status. CONCLUSIONS In this multisite study, there was substantial agreement regarding pubertal staging between examiners across sites. The proportion of girls who had breast development at ages 7 and 8 years, particularly among white girls, is greater than that reported from studies of girls who were born 10 to 30 years earlier.

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Hormonal aspects in the causation of human breast cancer: Epidemiological hypotheses reviewed, with special reference to nutritional status and first pregnancy

Cited by 26 publications

References 91 publications

Estrogen receptor-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile counteracts the estrogenic activity of estrogen receptor-alpha agonist propylpyrazole-triol in the mammary gland of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats

Estrogen receptor-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile counteracts the estrogenic activity of estrogen receptor-alpha agonist propylpyrazole-triol in the mammary gland of ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats

The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers: Transdisciplinary Research on the Role of the Environment in Breast Cancer Etiology

Pubertal Assessment Method and Baseline Characteristics in a Mixed Longitudinal Study of Girls

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