Hormonal Changes and Oral Health During Menopause: Review Article

Abstract

To reduce the inevitable effects of menopause, awareness about oral health is critical to reducing problems that may be caused by hormonal changes .Low levels of estrogen (17 β estradiol) affect the mucous membrane of the mouth is similar to the vaginal mucosa because they contain estrogen receptors. A reduction of 17 β estradiol also affects the maturation of the oral mucosa and can lead to atrophy and thinning leading to an increase in its sensitivity and producing it more susceptible to native mechanical injuries, which leads to a change in ache sensitivity. During menopause, the mucosal epithelium is more susceptible to infection, oral planus (OLP), candidiasis and burning mouth syndrome. Furthermore, hormones also affect the salivary glands, which causes alterations in saliva secretion and thickness, as a result, estrogen deficiency may cause problems in the tissues of the teeth and gums in postmenopausal women.

Role of Sestrin 1 in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…Since the body cannot properly use insulin, approximately 70 % of women who have PCOS have insulin resistance. It should be noted that obesity is the primary cause of insulin resistance and that both of these conditions increase the risk of developing diabetes (Ali, 2021). (3) compares the levels of sestrin 1 in each of the research groups.…”