Hormonal changes in girls with precocious adrenarche: A possible role for estradiol or prolactin

Warne, Garry L.; Carter, J.N.; Faiman, Charles; Reyes, Francisco I.; Winter, Jeremy S.D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80141-3

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our study does not support the hypothesis that adrenarche is the result of a decrease in HSD activity (19)(20)(21). Because the number of observations is small, however, further measurements are needed before definite conclusions about the role of changes in HSD activity on the adrenarchal process are drawn.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Warne et al (19) have suggested 'Abbreviations used in this paper: A, androstenedione (4-androsten-3, 17-dione); DHA, dehydroepiandrosterone (5-androsten-3p6-ol-17-one); DHAS (20), increases the urinary A5-pregnenetriol/pregnanetriol ratio in girls with gonadal dysgenesis treated with estrogen (21). Further support of this theory comes from the recent demonstration that ACTH stimulation increases the ratio of plasma 17-hydroxypregnenolone/ 17-hydroxyprogesterone and DHAIA during adrenarche, observations compatible with a fall in HSD activity (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The developmental changes in plasma adrenal androgens during infancy and adrenarche are associated with changing activities of adrenal microsomal 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase.

et al. 1981

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A B S T R A C T The plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decrease during the first year of life, remain low during childhood, and then increase during adrenarche. To determine whether alterations in adrenal enzyme activity might explain the changing secretory pattem of the adrenal androgens, we measured human adrenal microsomal 3,8-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase, 17,20-desmolase, 17-hydroxylase, and 21-hydroxylase activities. 12 adrenals from individuals aged 3 mo to 60 yr were studied. The patients were divided into three groups based upon the age of the patient when the adrenal glands were obtained: group 1, infants aged 3-8 mo (n = 3); group 2, preadrenarchal or early adrenarchal children aged 2-9 yr (n = 4); and group 3, adults aged 20-60 yr (n = 5). The mean activity of the 17,20-desmolase, 17-hydroxylase, and 21-hydroxylase fell by 50% and that of 3,8-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity rose 80% from group 1 to group 2. A fourfold increase in 17,20-desmolase (P < 0.002) and 17-hydroxylase (P < 0.001) activity and a doubling in 21-hydroxylase activity (P < 0.005) occurred between groups 2 and 3. We conclude that the decline in plasma adrenal androgens after birth appears to be associated with a rise in 3,8-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase and a fall in 17,20-desmolase and 17-hydroxylase activity. The subsequent increase in plasma adrenal androgen concentration during adren-

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental changes in plasma adrenal androgens during infancy and adrenarche are associated with changing activities of adrenal microsomal 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase.

et al. 1981

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“…One possible explanation of the U.K. cumulative incidence stratified according to age at onset and genotype (Fig. 1) is that estrogen, switched on from ϳ9 years of age onwards (12) in females, has increased risk in IL6-174CC females, resulting in earlier age of onset. An effect of oral contraceptives in young women may be hidden within the 15-to 20-year-old group, as it has been reported that in some women, use of oral contraceptives affects IL6 production (13).…”

Section: Interleukin-6 In Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Puberty an Accelerator of Type 1 Diabetes in IL6-174CC Females?

Gillespie

Nolsøe²,

Betin³

et al. 2005

Diabetes

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The pubertal peak in onset of type 1 diabetes occurs earlier in girls than boys. We postulated that this sex difference might be mediated in part by estrogen or by genes regulated by estrogen, such as the interleukin-6 (IL6) gene. Previous studies concerning the role of an estrogen-sensitive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL6 promoter in type 1 diabetes have proved contradictory. We therefore selected a large, genetically homogenous population-based cohort, analyzed by age at onset and sex, to test the hypothesis that the IL6-174G>C SNP affects age at onset of type 1 diabetes in females but not in males. We found that the IL6-174CC genotype was significantly less frequent in females diagnosed after than in those diagnosed before the age of 10 years (19 vs. 13%, P ‫؍‬ 0.016). No genotype difference was observed in males stratified for age at onset. Among children diagnosed after age 10, the median age of onset was 11.9 years (intraquartile range 10.7-14.6) in 34 girls homozygous for IL6-174C compared with 13.2 years (11.6 -15.4) in 229 girls with other genotypes and 13.5 years (12.0 -15.6) in 339 males with any IL6-174 genotype (P ‫؍‬ 0.012). These data support the hypothesis that pubertal changes may contribute to accelerated onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible females. This phenomenon may be orchestrated by the action of estrogen on the IL6 promoter.

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“…2) and DHAS concentrations without changes in cortisol have also been observed by several investigators (10,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). The above hormonal changes are present in an exaggerated manner in premature adrenarche, a benign condition in which axillary and pubic hair develop prematurely (34,35,(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: B) Adrenarchementioning

confidence: 99%