Hormonal Control of Diapause

Denlinger, David L.; Yocum, George D.; Rinehart, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384749-2.10010-x

Cited by 218 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…20HE, IS, and TOR signaling pathways. Larval growth and direct development are stimulated by the developmental hormone 20HE, whereas larval diapause is classically explained by the silencing of 20HE-mediated signaling (9). In addition, the silencing of the insulin (IS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways has often been implicated as an important regulator of insect diapause (37)(38)(39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During diapause termination, developmental potential is covertly restored but need not be overtly realized in the form of resumption of morphogenesis and development (23). In the laboratory, most diapauses can be terminated rapidly after the diapausing animals are treated with developmental hormones, hormone analogs, or some organic solvents (9). During the complex cascades following hormonal treatment, transcriptional changes were described in the pupae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (20,48).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Note: in this paper, "direct development" refers to an ontogenetic pathway without intervening diapause.) It is well established that switching between direct development and diapause is controlled by the decrease or absence of signaling of the basic developmental hormones, juvenoids and/or ecdysteroids (8,9). However, any further generalizations about insect diapause are strongly complicated by three facts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that diapause responses evolve polyphyletically and very rapidly in different insect lineages as they encounter diverse environmental adversity (10)(11)(12)(13). Second, different insect species enter diapause in different ontogenetic stages that differ widely in the complexity of body architecture and physiology (9). Third, different insect species enter diapause under various environmental contexts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Conceptual framework of the eco-physiological phases of insect diapause development justified by transcriptomic profiling

Košťál

Štětina

Poupardin

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

100

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Insects often overcome unfavorable seasons in a hormonally regulated state of diapause during which their activity ceases, development is arrested, metabolic rate is suppressed, and tolerance of environmental stress is bolstered. Diapausing insects pass through a stereotypic succession of eco-physiological phases termed “diapause development.” The phasing is varied in the literature, and the whole concept is sometimes criticized as being too artificial. Here we present the results of transcriptional profiling using custom microarrays representing 1,042 genes in the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. Fully grown, third-instar larvae programmed for diapause by a photoperiodic (short-day) signal were assayed as they traversed the diapause developmental program. When analyzing the gradual dynamics in the transcriptomic profile, we could readily distinguish distinct diapause developmental phases associated with induction/initiation, maintenance, cold acclimation, and termination by cold or by photoperiodic signal. Accordingly, each phase is characterized by a specific pattern of gene expression, supporting the physiological relevance of the concept of diapause phasing. Further, we have dissected in greater detail the changes in transcript levels of elements of several signaling pathways considered critical for diapause regulation. The phase of diapause termination is associated with enhanced transcript levels in several positive elements stimulating direct development (the 20-hydroxyecdysone pathway: Ecr, Shd, Broad; the Wnt pathway: basket, c-jun) that are countered by up-regulation in some negative elements (the insulin-signaling pathway: Ilp8, PI3k, Akt; the target of rapamycin pathway: Tsc2 and 4EBP; the Wnt pathway: shaggy). We speculate such up-regulations may represent the early steps linked to termination of diapause programming.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Conceptual framework of the eco-physiological phases of insect diapause development justified by transcriptomic profiling

Košťál

Štětina

Poupardin

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

100

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“…The connection between JH and reproductive diapause is well documented in various species (14). Application of the JH-mimicking analogue methoprene to diapausing P. apterus or R. pedestris bugs is sufficient to terminate diapause and induce ovarian growth (6,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous regulation of the insect gut by circadian genes acting downstream of juvenile hormone signaling

Bajgar

Jindra

Doležel

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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In temperate regions, the shortening day length informs many insect species to prepare for winter by inducing diapause. The adult diapause of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, involves a reproductive arrest accompanied by energy storage, reduction of metabolic needs, and preparation to withstand low temperatures. By contrast, nondiapause animals direct nutrient energy to muscle activity and reproduction. The photoperiod-dependent switch from diapause to reproduction is systemically transmitted throughout the organism by juvenile hormone (JH). Here, we show that, at the organ-autonomous level of the insect gut, the decision between reproduction and diapause relies on an interaction between JH signaling and circadian clock genes acting independently of the daily cycle. The JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant and the circadian proteins Clock and Cycle are all required in the gut to activate the Par domain protein 1 gene during reproduction and to simultaneously suppress a mammalian-type cryptochrome 2 gene that promotes the diapause program. A nonperiodic, organ-autonomous feedback between Par domain protein 1 and Cryptochrome 2 then orchestrates expression of downstream genes that mark the diapause vs. reproductive states of the gut. These results show that hormonal signaling through Methoprene-tolerant and circadian proteins controls gut-specific gene activity that is independent of circadian oscillations but differs between reproductive and diapausing animals.reproductive diapause | photoperiodism | basic helix-loop-helix protein | oogenesis T o cope with adverse winter conditions, animals either migrate or minimize their metabolism and hibernate or diapause (1). Animals including insects anticipate these annual rhythms by measuring the changes in night or day length (i.e., photoperiod) through a seasonal clock whose mechanism has yet to be elucidated (2, 3). The hallmarks of diapause in insects such as the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, and the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, include cessation of reproduction (4-6) and changes in the physiology of the digestive system (7) and the fat body (8). The arrest is induced by short days and results in small diapause ovaries. Conversely, long days promote ovarian maturation through the action of juvenile hormone (JH), produced by the corpora allata glands (9-11).JH is an insect sesquiterpenoid that controls reproduction (12) and entry into metamorphosis (13). The connection between JH and reproductive diapause is well documented in various species (14). Application of the JH-mimicking analogue methoprene to diapausing P. apterus or R. pedestris bugs is sufficient to terminate diapause and induce ovarian growth (6, 15). Endogenous JH or added methoprene act through the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein to prevent premature metamorphosis in P. apterus juveniles (16). Met is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loophelix Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) family (17), and it has been characterized as a JH receptor (18,19 Whether photoperiodic regulation of seasonal diapause/repr...

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Molecular identification and diapause‐related functional characterization of a novel dual‐specificity kinase gene, MPKL, in Locusta migratoria

et al. 2019

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Diapause is an important overwintering strategy enabling Locusta migratoria to survive under stressed conditions. We identified a novel dual‐specificity kinase gene that is differentially expressed between long and short day‐treated L. migratoria. To determine its function on photoperiodic diapause induction, we cloned the specific gene. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis shows that this dual‐specificity kinase is of the mycetozoa protein kinase‐like (MPKL) type and may have been transferred horizontally from Mycetozoa to L. migratoria. RNA interference results confirm that MPKL promotes photoperiodic diapause induction of L. migratoria. Furthermore, MPKL significantly inhibits Akt and FOXO (i.e. forkhead box protein O) phosphorylation levels in ovaries, and also enhances reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, whereas peroxidase activity is decreased under both photoperiodic regimes. The findings of the present study offer insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for dual‐specificity kinase‐induced diapause in insects.

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Hormonal Control of Diapause

Cited by 218 publications

References 260 publications

Conceptual framework of the eco-physiological phases of insect diapause development justified by transcriptomic profiling

Conceptual framework of the eco-physiological phases of insect diapause development justified by transcriptomic profiling

Autonomous regulation of the insect gut by circadian genes acting downstream of juvenile hormone signaling

Molecular identification and diapause‐related functional characterization of a novel dual‐specificity kinase gene, MPKL, in Locusta migratoria

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