Hormonal Effects of Smoking—II: Effects on Plasma Cortisol, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin

Gossain, Ved V.; Sherma, Narinder K.; Srivastava, Laxmi S.; Michelakis, Andrew M.; Rovner, David R.

doi:10.1097/00000441-198605000-00007

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…44,45 It seems likely that tobacco smoking exaggerates the centralisation of fat through similar mechanisms, because smoking is followed by increased cortisol secretion. 46 Alcohol consumption Social predictors for obesity R Rosmond and P Bjo Èrntorp has the same effects, 47 but the consistency of an association between alcohol and the WHR is not as robust as that with depression and smoking, and needs further studies with more re®ned methodology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial and socio-economic factors in women and their relationship to obesity and regional body fat distribution

1999

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BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity, as well as psychosocial and socio-economic handicaps are risk factors for serious, prevalent diseases. Connections between these variables have been found in men. OBJECTIVE: The principal aim of the present study was to analyse the associations between psychosocial and socioeconomic factors with body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) in women. DESIGN: A cohort study of data derived from questionnaires. SUBJECTS: 1137 women from a population sample of 1464 women born in 1956. MEASUREMENTS: Occupational, social and leisure time conditions, smoking and alcohol habits, as well as height, weight and waist and hip circumferences. RESULTS: BMI was associated with teetotalism and negatively to wine drinking. WHR correlated directly with cigarette smoking and negatively with consumption of wine and beer. Both BMI and WHR, adjusted for each other and for smoking and alcohol, showed independent associations with low education, unemployment and problems at work when employed, as well as with little physical activity and much TVwatching. In addition, the WHR showed a negative, independent relationship to housing conditions. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest psychosocial and socio-economic handicaps as well as a low physical activity in abdominally obese women. Similar observations have been made previously in men, but only with the WHR, suggesting an in¯uence of obesity in these relationships in women only. Another interesting gender difference is the positive relationship between being married with BMI in men, as well as being divorced and living alone with the WHR in men only.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial and socio-economic factors in women and their relationship to obesity and regional body fat distribution

1999

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“…These data are consistent with previous reports that smokers have higher basal cortisol and DHEA levels than nonsmokers (Pomerleau et al, 1992;Field et al, 1994;del Arbol et al, 2000;al'Absi et al, 2003). Cigarette smoking usually induces an increase in plasma cortisol levels (Cryer et al, 1976;Winternitz and Quillen, 1977;Spohr et al, 1979;Wilkins et al, 1982;Seyler et al, 1984;Gossain et al, 1986; see for review Pickworth and Fant, 1998), and cortisol may remain elevated as a consequence of repeated cigarette smoking throughout the day. It has also been suggested that nicotine may inhibit the diurnal decrease in plasma cortisol levels (Pomerleau et al, 1992).…”

Section: Subjective Responses To Smoking High-and Low-nicotine Cigarementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarette Smoking on Mood States and the HPA Axis in Men

Mendelson

Sholar

Goletiani

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

106

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The acute effects of smoking a low-or high-nicotine cigarette on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormones, subjective responses, and cardiovascular measures were studied in 20 healthy men who met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for nicotine dependence. Within four puffs (or 2 min) after cigarette smoking began, plasma nicotine levels and heart rate increased significantly (Po0.01), and peak ratings of 'high' and 'rush' on a Visual Analogue Scale were reported. Reports of 'high,' 'rush,' and 'liking' and reduction of 'craving' were significantly greater after smoking a high-nicotine cigarette than a low-nicotine cigarette (Po0.05). Peak plasma nicotine levels after high-nicotine cigarette smoking (23.972.6 ng/ml) were significantly greater than after lownicotine cigarette smoking (3.6370.59 ng/ml) (Po0.001). After smoking a low-nicotine cigarette, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and epinephrine did not change significantly from baseline. After high-nicotine cigarette smoking began, plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above baseline within 12 min and reached peak levels of 21.8875.34 pmol/l within 20 min. ACTH increases were significantly correlated with increases in plasma nicotine (r ¼ 0.85; Po0.0001), DHEA (r ¼ 0.66; P ¼ 0.002), and epinephrine (r ¼ 0.86; Po0.0001). Cortisol and DHEA increased significantly within 20 min (Po0.05) and reached peak levels of 424748 and 21.1372.55 ng/ml within 60 and 30 min, respectively. Thus cigarette smoking produced nicotine dose-related effects on HPA hormones and subjective and cardiovascular measures. These data suggest that activation of the HPA axis may contribute to the abuse-related effects of cigarette smoking.

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“…Changes in GH during smoking tt=smoking period factors and circulating hormonal concentrations have been described repeatedly before (5,8,17), but mainly in men, and not to our knowledge in obese women. All the examined women were smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…All the examined women were smokers. Differences in the levels of the studied hormones have been found both in non-smoking conditions, as well as during smoking in smokers and non-smokers (3,8,17). In order to allow comparisons between lean and obese women both groups therefore had to be smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Smoking on Hormone Secretion in Obese and Lean Female Smokers

et al. 1996

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SZOSTAK-WEGIEREK, DOROTA, PER BJORNTORP, PER MARIN, GORAN LINDSTEDT AND BJORN ANDERSSON~Influence of smoking on hormone secretion in obese and lean female smokers. Ohes Res. 1996;4:321-328. Smoking exerts influences on the secretion of several hormones which are abnormal in obesity. Previous studies have mainly been performed in non-obese men, and data from non-obese and obese women are scarce. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify the effect of smoking on hormone secretions in obese and lean female smokers.The study was performed in 10 obese and 8 lean, premenopausal, healthy smokers. All subjects were tested once under experimental and once under control conditions (not smoking) in randomized order. The women smoked two non-filtered cigarettes during 4 minutes each. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured 30 minutes before smoking, at. the start of smoking (time 0) and then after 5, 10,20,30, 45 and 60 minutes. Blood samples were taken for determination of serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at the same time points except at 5 minutes.Heart rate rose in both groups during smoking. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was increased only in the obese subjects. Cortisol and ACTH increased in both groups, while TSH, PRL and GH were unchanged in both groups. We conclude that lean and obese smoking women seem to respond rather similarly to smoking in the hemodynamic and endocrine variables measured in this report with the possible exception of blood pressure where the obese women tended to show more pronounced increases.

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Hormonal Effects of Smoking—II: Effects on Plasma Cortisol, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Psychosocial and socio-economic factors in women and their relationship to obesity and regional body fat distribution

Psychosocial and socio-economic factors in women and their relationship to obesity and regional body fat distribution

Effects of Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarette Smoking on Mood States and the HPA Axis in Men

Influence of Smoking on Hormone Secretion in Obese and Lean Female Smokers

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