Hormonal induction of spawning in 4 species of frogs by coinjection with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a dopamine antagonist

Trudeau, Vance L.; Somoza, Gustavo M.; Natale, Guillermo Sebastián; Pauli, Bruce D.; Wignall, Jacqui; Jackman, Paula; Doe, Kenneth G.; Schueler, Fredrick W.

doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-36

Cited by 73 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Frogs were weighed, measured (snouturostyle length) and brought to a captive facility, where they were injected with the AMPHIPLEX cocktail [31,32] to induce breeding. Injected frogs were placed outdoors in a fenced aviary in 568 l tanks furnished with vegetation (cattails: Typha sp.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Experimental Design And Data Collecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring

Bennett

Murray

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Organisms exhibit plasticity in response to their environment, but there is large variation even within populations in the expression and magnitude of response. Maternal influence alters offspring survival through size advantages in growth and development. However, the relationship between maternal influence and variation in plasticity in response to predation risk is unknown. We hypothesized that variation in the magnitude of plastic responses between families is at least partly due to maternal provisioning and examined the relationship between maternal condition, egg provisioning and magnitude of plastic response to perceived predation risk (by dragonfly larvae: Aeshna spp.) in northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Females in better body condition tended to lay more (clutch size) larger (egg diameter) eggs. Tadpoles responded to predation risk by increasing relative tail depth (morphology) and decreasing activity (behaviour). We found a positive relationship between morphological effect size and maternal condition, but no relationship between behavioural effect size and maternal condition. These novel findings suggest that limitations imposed by maternal condition can constrain phenotypic variation, ultimately influencing the capacity of populations to respond to environmental change.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Experimental Design And Data Collecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring

Bennett

Murray

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Amplexus refers to the specific reproductive behaviour of frogs where the male grasps the female, helping to stimulate ovulation and after some delay fertilizes the eggs as they are laid. In one year in the breeding season, we obtained fertilized egg masses from 100% of females, while in the second year this was only 60% [27]. We considered these in-season spawning results for L. pipiens a good first step [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one year in the breeding season, we obtained fertilized egg masses from 100% of females, while in the second year this was only 60% [27]. We considered these in-season spawning results for L. pipiens a good first step [27]. On the other hand, out-of-season breeding success was very low in L. pipiens [27], indicating that significant improvements are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient induction of spawning of Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) during and outside the natural breeding season

Trudeau

Schueler

Navarro‐Martín

et al. 2013

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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BackgroundAmphibian declines are now recognized globally. It is also well known that many anurans do not reproduce easily in captivity, especially when held over long periods, or if they require hibernation before breeding. A simple method to induce spawning and subsequent development of large numbers of healthy tadpoles is therefore required to meet research and conservation goals.MethodsThe method is based on simultaneous injection of both female and male leopard frogs, Lithobates pipiens (formerly called Rana pipiens) with a cocktail of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) and a dopamine antagonist. We call this the AMPHIPLEX method, which is derived from the combination of the words amphibian and amplexus. Following injection, the animals are thereby induced, and perform amplexus and natural fertilization under captive conditions.ResultsWe tested combinations of a GnRH agonist with 2 different dopamine antagonists in L. pipiens in the breeding season. The combination of des-Gly10, D-Ala6, Pro-NHEt9-GnRH (0.4 micrograms/g body weight; GnRH-A) with metoclopramide hydrochloride (10 micrograms/g body weight; MET) or domperidone (DOM) were equally effective, producing 89% and 88% successful spawning, respectively. This yielded more than 44,000 eggs for the 16/18 females that ovulated in the GnRH-A+MET group, and more than 39,000 eggs for the 15/17 females that ovulated in the GnRH-A+DOM group. We further tested the GnRH-A+MET in frogs collected in the wild in late autumn and hibernated for a short period under laboratory conditions, and report a low spawning success (43%). However, GnRH-A priming 24 hours prior to injections of the GnRH-A+MET cocktail in animals hibernated for 5–6 weeks produced out-of-season spawning (89%) and fertilization (85%) comparable to those we observed for in-season spawning. Assessment of age and weight at metamorphosis indicated that L. pipiens tadpoles resulting from out-of-season spawning grew normally and metamorphosed successfully.ConclusionWe provide evidence for successful captive breeding of the leopard frog, L. pipiens. This simple protocol can be used to obtain large numbers of eggs in a predictable, timed manner.

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“…LHRH and DOM were dissolved in PBS for injection experiments. LHRH and DOM are wellknown drugs to induce the surge of LH (Lin et al, 1987(Lin et al, , 1988Trudeau et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GnIH plays a negative role in regulating GtH expression in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Wei

Cao

Chen

et al. 2016

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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a b s t r a c tIn birds and mammals, the gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) effectively inhibits the expression of gonadotrophin (GtH). In teleosts, the effects of GnIH are still unclear and under much debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functions of GnIH/receptors of gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (GnIHRs) system during reproduction in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. We cloned the full cDNA sequences of GnIH /GnIHRs. Real-time PCR results showed that GnIH/GnIHRs were distributed extensively across the whole hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. We also examined the changes of GnIH/GnIHRs in the HPG axis during reproduction. GnIH mRNA expression was decreased to the minimum value in Apr, the spawning month, and increased immediately after the completion of reproduction. Expression pattern of GnIH during reproduction was the opposite to those of Gonadotrophin release hormone 3 (GnRH3) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Expression patterns of GnIHRs were similar to that of GnIH in the hypothalamus. In the pituitary, GnIHR2/3 peaked in March before spawning. In the ovaries, the GnIHR1 decreased to the minimum value in April, but GnIHR2/3 increased. By injection and incubation with synthesized GnIH-III peptide, we confirmed the negative influence of GnIH on mRNAs of the follicle-stimulating hormone-b and LH-b subunits in the common carp. These results show that the GnIH/GnIHRs system is involved in the negative regulation of reproduction in HPG axis of the common carp.

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Hormonal induction of spawning in 4 species of frogs by coinjection with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a dopamine antagonist

Cited by 73 publications

References 54 publications

Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring

Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring

Efficient induction of spawning of Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) during and outside the natural breeding season

GnIH plays a negative role in regulating GtH expression in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

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