Hormonal Mechanisms for Regulation of Aggression in Human Coalitions

Flinn, Mark V.; Ponzi, Davidé; Muehlenbein, Michael P.

doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9135-y

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The cortisol response observed in males within the current study may reflect sensitivity to out-group threat; heightened physiological sensitivity to cues of out-group threat may assist males to mount an effective behavioral response. This is consistent with other literature on this topic using cortisol and other biomarkers (DeSoto et al 2010;Flinn et al 2012;Oxford et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Some research has shown that young men measuring high in aggressive behavior (e.g., conduct disorder) show a dampened stress response to laboratory stressors (Gordis et al 2006). Men have also been shown to have lower pre-competition cortisol levels when coalitionary ties are high (Flinn et al 2012). Thus, our results may indicate that mortality salience serves to increase coalitionary ties, and possibly prepare for an aggressive response against an out-group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Victories against outside members of a group, for example, are associated with elevations in testosterone in human (Bernhardt et al 1998;Gonzalez-Bono et al 1999;Kivlighan et al 2005;Oxford et al 2010;Wagner et al 2002) and animal studies Gleason et al 2009). Further, higher levels of pre-competition testosterone and cortisol are associated with reduced strength of coalitionary ties (Flinn, Ponzi, and Muehlenbein 2012). Presumably, higher levels of testosterone and cortisol may interfere with in-group formation (Oxford, Ponzi, & Geary 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sex Differences in Salivary Cortisol Responses to Sex-Linked Stressors: A Test of the Tend-and-Befriend Model

Byrd‐Craven

Auer

Kennison

2014

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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This study examined sex differences in salivary cortisol responses to experimental stressors and subsequent desire to affiliate in the context of mortality cues following the Tend-and-Befriend model. Participants were randomly assigned to a mortality salience prime or a control condition. They were then assigned to view a video of crying infants or a video designed to elicit out-group threat. As predicted, females showed more cortisol reactivity to the video of crying infants and males showed more cortisol reactivity to the video of hate speech in the no prime condition. Males receiving a mortality salience prime, surprisingly, showed a weaker cortisol response to the out-group threat video compared to males who received no prime. Results provide further support of using the Tend-and-Befriend model to predict differences in stress response system activity between men and women, as well as modifications to that theory that incorporate male responses to out-group threats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex Differences in Salivary Cortisol Responses to Sex-Linked Stressors: A Test of the Tend-and-Befriend Model

Byrd‐Craven

Auer

Kennison

2014

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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“…The fraternal interest group model of coalitionary aggression is consistent with genetic group selection models for the evolution of human ultra-sociality (2,5) and research across the social sciences that suggests humans have a unique coalitional psychology that facilitates within-group cooperation for between-group competition (38)(39)(40)(41). Furthermore, it converges with primatological evidence concerning chimpanzee social structure, in which female dispersal causes males of varying degrees of consanguinity to coreside throughout life and form coalitions with members of their natal group (1,12,13,42).…”

Section: Significancesupporting

confidence: 52%

Lethal coalitionary aggression and long-term alliance formation among Yanomamö men

Macfarlan

Walker

Flinn

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

115

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Some cross-cultural evidence suggests lethal coalitionary aggression in humans is the product of residence and descent rules that promote fraternal interest groups, i.e., power groups of coresident males bonded by kinship. As such, human lethal coalitions are hypothesized to be homologous to chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) border patrols. However, humans demonstrate a unique metagroup social structure in which strategic alliances allow individuals to form coalitions transcending local community boundaries. We test predictions derived from the fraternal interest group and strategic alliance models using lethal coalition data from a lowland South American population, the Yanomamö. Yanomamö men who kill an enemy acquire a special status, termed unokai. We examine the social characteristics of co-unokais or men who jointly kill others. Analyses indicate co-unokais generally are (i) from the same population but from different villages and patrilines, (ii) close age mates, and (iii) maternal half-first cousins. Furthermore, the incident rate for co-unokai killings increases if men are similar in age, from the same population, and from different natal communities. Co-unokais who have killed more times in the past and who are more genetically related to each other have a higher probability of coresidence in adulthood. Last, a relationship exists between lethal coalition formation and marriage exchange. In this population, internal warfare unites multiple communities, and co-unokais strategically form new residential groups and marriage alliances. These results support the strategic alliance model of coalitionary aggression, demonstrate the complexities of human alliance formation, and illuminate key differences in social structure distinguishing humans from other primates.internal warfare | male coalitions | fraternal interest groups | strategic alliances | Yanomamö T he evolution of lethal coalitionary aggression remains a pivotal topic across the biological and social sciences (1-12). Revealing the ultimate and proximate factors responsible for the emergence and dynamics of warfare is of practical and theoretical importance across a wide range of contexts, including the evolution of human ultra-sociality, coalitionary psychology, ethnic identity, leadership, and political behavior. Surprisingly few detailed analyses exist concerning the social composition of lethal coalitions in small-scale societies. This lack is problematic, because the particular form that lethal coalitions take sheds light on the adaptive function of this behavior and the phylogenetic roots of coalitionary aggression with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).Humans, like chimpanzees, demonstrate a capacity to coordinate behavior with others to kill conspecifics (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Although the scope of lethal coalitionary aggression is far greater in humans, a number of similarities exist between the two species, namely coordinated groups of adult males defending home territories and aggressing against individuals from other communities with low-cost but ...

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“…The importance of dominance cues in leadership choices (Little et al, 2007;Re & Perrett, 2014;Tigue, Borak, O'Connor, Schandl & Feinberg, 2012) may, at least in part, reflect an evolved preference for leaders who are better-placed to accrue fitness benefits for group members whilst representing and/or protecting their group from out-groups (i.e. competitors; see Flinn, Ponzi &Muehlenbein, 2012 andMacDonald, Navarette & for related discussion). Consistent with this proposal, facial cues to dominance correlate with progression into higher ranks in the military and have been described as a signal of dominant behaviour (e.g., Mueller & Mazur, 1996).…”

Section: Dominance Trustworthiness and Attractiveness And Managerialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

Fruhen

Watkins

Jones

2015

The Leadership Quarterly

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Positive associations between physical attractiveness and employee reward are well-documented within the organizational literature. Although the impact of facial cues to trustworthiness and dominance on a number of social outcomes has been established outside of the workplace, the extent to which they affect pay at different managerial levels in addition to attractiveness is yet to be investigated. This paper presents research into this issue using a face payment task for shop floor managers (Retail Managers) and senior managers (Heads of Retail Operations). Evaluations indicated that all three facial cues were positively associated with awarded pay at both managerial levels. Moreover, attractiveness had a significantly stronger link with shop-floor managers' than senior managers' pay, whereas perceived trustworthiness and perceived dominance had significantly stronger links with pay for senior managers than shop-floor managers. It further emerged that women were paid more in this experimental task where pay was awarded solely based on facial features and that the facial features were more predictive of women's than men's pay. Awareness of the role of physical cues in pay awards can be considered by organizations to reduce biases in remuneration. FACIAL CUES AND PAY2

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Hormonal Mechanisms for Regulation of Aggression in Human Coalitions

Cited by 91 publications

References 141 publications

Sex Differences in Salivary Cortisol Responses to Sex-Linked Stressors: A Test of the Tend-and-Befriend Model

Sex Differences in Salivary Cortisol Responses to Sex-Linked Stressors: A Test of the Tend-and-Befriend Model

Lethal coalitionary aggression and long-term alliance formation among Yanomamö men

Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks

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