Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Original article Rodrigues GRS et al. colesterol LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos (TG) e síndrome metabólica (SM). resultados: A maioria dos participantes possuía SM e alto risco cardiovascular. A glicemia de jejum estava alterada em 30,4%. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre IMC e CC (r = 0,90; p = 0,0001), %GC (r = 0,79; p = 0,0001), IC (r = 0,65; p = 0,0001), glicemia (r = 0,42; p = 0,04) e TG (r = 0,47; p = 0,002). O IC também apresentou correlação positiva com insulina (r = 0,6; p = 0,001), glicemia (r = 0,55; p = 0,007), TG (r = 0,54; p = 0,008) e %GC (r = 0,43; p = 0,004). Pacientes com maior tempo de tabagismo tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM (O = 9,6; p = 0,016). conclusão: Os fumantes avaliados tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM, especialmente aqueles que fumavam por mais tempo, requerendo urgência para a cessação tabágica.cortisol 12,13 . In addition, chronic smokers are at increased risk for developing insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory response of insulin secretion, which promotes the association of smoking with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 .Evaluation of endocrine-metabolic changes that promote tobacco use, can aid understanding of factors involved in the changes of body weight and the development of chronic diseases associated with smoking. This article aims to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers at the start of treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric indices.

Influence of the leptin and cortisol levels on craving and smoking cessation

“…Thus, the process of smoking abstinence has an important role in health maintenance and improves of the quality of life of recent abstinent individuals beyond to prevention of metabolic disorders (Wilsgaard and Jacobsen, 2007;Rodrigues et al, 2013). Coadjutant to the addiction process, leptin has been associated as an important risk marker for relapse in smokers during critical periods of smoking cessation .…”

Tobacco cessation in patients with multiple chronic conditions: nutritional strategies as an additional tool in treatment

“…Among individuals being monitored for smoking cessation, the most cited foods as a resource to control the urge to smoke were fruits, coffee and candies. It was also observed greater consumption of water to help control the craving among individuals in abstinence, an aspect that should be strengthened, since it can contribute to the weight control of individuals 12 .Many smokers do not stop cigarette smoking until they have developed smoking-related complications 8 , such as chronic conditions, especially those with longer duration of smoking, requiring urgent smoking cessation 13 . From such a perspective, smoking cessation combined with an individualized diet may be a viable approach to weight management and maintenance of abstinence 14 , extremely relevant in patients with MCC.…”

“… 12 Many smokers do not stop cigarette smoking until they have already developed smoking-related complications, 8 such as chronic conditions, especially those with longer duration of smoking, demanding urgent smoking cessation. 13 From such a perspective, smoking cessation combined with an individualized diet may be a viable approach to weight management and maintenance of abstinence, 14 which are extremely relevant in patients with MCC.…”