Hormonal profile during the reproductive cycle and induced breeding of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: Serranidae) in captivity

Chronological Changes in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1, Gonadotropins, and Sex Steroid Hormones along the Brain–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis during Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Development in the Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus

“…Previous studies have reported low E 2 levels during pre-vitellogenesis, followed by a significant increase during vitellogenesis in various fish species, such as the Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus [36]; the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii; and the stellate sturgeon, A. stellatus [37]. Additionally, E 2 levels were insufficient to trigger vitellogenesis in captivity in the dusky grouper, E. marginatus [38]. These findings suggest that substantial increases in E 2 levels occur only when vitellogenin production necessitates significant E 2 stimulation to initiate vitellogenesis in most teleosts.…”