“…Only at puberty does the RLU posture appear in male dogs (Martins and Valle, 1948), although prenatal, not pubertal, concentrations of testosterone may be sufficient (Ranson and Beach, 1985). Female dogs do not urine-mark before puberty, but because even postpubertal urine-marking is relatively uncommon in females (Martins and Valle, 1948;Sprague and Anisko, 1973), its onset has not been well-studied. However, in the female dog, urination frequency increases during estrus (Beach, 1974;Anisko, 1976) and following exogenous estrogen or testosterone (Beach, 1974).…”