Hormonal responses to exhausting physical exercise: The role of predictability and controllability of the situation

Voigt, Karlheinz; Ziegler, Mechthild; Grünert-Fuchs, M.; Bickel, Ulrich; Fehm-Wolfsdorf, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/0306-4530(90)90028-8

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In our study, we noted that there were significant differences between the specific types of coping strategies in relation to victory or defeat. It has also been demonstrated that the participant's personality and his/her psychological reaction to a situation affects the hormonal response [Voigt et al, 1990]. We noted that winners were characterized by Type A behavior, whereas Type B defined the losers (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Anxiety, hormonal responses, and coping during a judo competition

Filaire

Maso²,

Sagnol

et al. 2001

Aggr. Behav.

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Competitive situations induced hormonal changes, depending on the outcome, victory or defeat. This study aimed to investigate the salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) and the mental state responses to a real judo championship. Data about individuals’ anxiety levels, strategies of coping, and patterns of behavior were thus collected. The relationship between hormonal changes and psychological variables were also analyzed. Our results showed a C response to competition, which was especially characterized by an anticipatory rise. Depending on outcome, results did not show statistically significant different C responses. The T values noted after the last fight were significantly greater in the losers than those obtained in the winners. Hormonal response did not show a relationship with psychological variables depending on the outcome. Losers showed just before the first fight an elevated cognitive anxiety, accompanied by low self‐confidence. Moreover, they were characterized by type B behavior. Types of coping strategies also differentiated losers from winners. Finally, even if no relationships between hormonal and psychological variables depending on the outcome were found, our results showed that state and trait psychological variables, as well as the coping strategies, must be taken into account to better understand the response to competitive situations. Aggr. Behav. 27:55–63, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Anxiety, hormonal responses, and coping during a judo competition

Filaire

Maso²,

Sagnol

et al. 2001

Aggr. Behav.

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“…Finally, psychological conditions can aect the hormonal response to exercise: for instance, Voigt et al (1990) have found a decline in [ACTH] response with increasing experience. All these ®ndings support the idea that the reduced [ACTH] response in our experiment may have indicated a full adaptation to exercise intensity which was con®rmed also by the concomitant improvement in aerobic performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of training on the response to exercise of adrenocorticotropin and growth hormone plasma concentrations in human swimmers

Bonifazi

Bela

Lupo

et al. 1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of adrenocorticotropin ([ACTH]) and growth hormone ([GH]) concentrations to a typical aerobic swimming set during a training season. Nine top-level male endurance swimmers (age range 17-23 years) were tested during three training sessions occurring 6, 12 and 18 weeks after the beginning of the season. During each session, after a standard warm-up, the swimmers performed a training set of 15 x 200-m freestyle, with 20 s of rest between repetitions, at a predetermined individual speed. Blood samples were collected before warm-up and at the end of the training set. A few days before each session, the individual swimming velocity corresponding to the 4 mmol x 1(-1) blood lactate concentration (nu4) was assessed as a standard of aerobic performance. Aerobic training affected nu4 levels, which were highest 18 weeks after the beginning of the season; at the same time, while [ACTH] response was attenuated, [GH] response was enhanced. These results could be considered as adaptations to the exercise intensity. In our training programme, these adaptations seemed to have occurred between the 12th and 18th weeks of the training season.

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“…Each trial (TX and PLA), was separated by a period of 7-10 days since changes in training status are known to alter ACTH responsiveness (Luger et al 1987) and also to allow a washout period of the medication. A familiarization trial was completed during the screening test session to enable the subjects to become familiar with the surroundings, to the performance of a 20-km ergometer TT, to eliminate a "learning eVect", and elevation of stress hormones due to unfamiliarity (Voigt et al 1990). Four subjects had faster times to completion in the second trial, two did the 20-km TT in the same times and the two others were slower.…”

Section: Appropriateness Of the Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

Baume

Steel²,

Edwards³

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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There is anecdotal evidence that athletes use the banned substance Synacthen because of its perceived benefit with its associated rise in cortisol. To test the performance-enhancing effects of Synacthen, eight trained cyclists completed two, 2-day exercise sessions separated by 7-10 days. On the first day of each 2-day exercise session, subjects received either Synacthen (0.25 mg, TX) or placebo (PLA) injection. Performance was assessed by a 20-km time trial (TT) after a 90-min fatigue period on day 1 and without the fatiguing protocol on day 2. Plasma androgens and ACTH concentrations were measured during the exercise bouts as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Spot urines were analyzed for androgens and glucocorticoids quantification. Basal plasma hormones did not differ significantly between PLA and TX groups before and 24 h after the IM injection (P > 0.05). After TX injection, ACTH peaked at 30 min and hormone profiles were significantly different compared to the PLA trial (P < 0.001). RPE increased significantly in both groups as the exercise sessions progressed (P < 0.001) but was not influenced by treatment. The time to completion of the TT was not affected on both days by Synacthen treatment. In the present study, a single IM injection of synthetic ACTH did not improve either acute or subsequent cycling performance and did not influence perceived exertion. The investigated urinary hormones did not vary after treatment, reinforcing the difficulty for ACTH abuse detection.

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Hormonal responses to exhausting physical exercise: The role of predictability and controllability of the situation

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Anxiety, hormonal responses, and coping during a judo competition

Anxiety, hormonal responses, and coping during a judo competition

Influence of training on the response to exercise of adrenocorticotropin and growth hormone plasma concentrations in human swimmers

No variation of physical performance and perceived exertion after adrenal gland stimulation by synthetic ACTH (Synacthen®) in cyclists

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