trogen has changed since the release of the first results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002. 1 Professional organizations, 2 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 and the US Preventive Services Task Force 4 have issued new recommendations against use of estrogen and progestin or progesterone for prevention of chronic conditions. Recent announcements of termination of the estrogen-only group of the WHI due to increased incidence of strokes among estrogen users increases concerns about safety. 5 Treatment of menopausal symptoms remains an indication for estrogen use, and the FDA advises physicians to use the smallest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. 3 Most menopausal women experience symptoms at menopause that include vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, urogenital atrophy, and other adverse events that can diminish quality of life. Although many women have mild, transient symptoms, many other women find their symptoms disruptive. For these women, estrogen may serve a useful role in short-term symptom management. This article applies the current state of evidence for postmenopausal estrogen use to management decisions in 2 clinical scenarios.