Hormonally Induced Polyembryos in Wheat

Ferguson, James D.; McEwan, J. M.; Card, K. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb02616.x

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We observed multiple (two to four) roots in the polyembryoids very rarely. Usually, they were fused (fasciated) to each other, which was also reported by other authors (Ferguson et al, 1979) supposing that polymeric structures with a common root pole should not be qualified as cleavage polyembryony. According to Fischer et al (1997), the phenomenon should be taken as a partial multiplication of embryonic axes in contrast to their full multiplication (polyembryony).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Some workers consider them as manifestations of a cleavage polyembryony (Haccius, 1955;Vidovencova, 1992, 1994). Other authors argue against the term "cleavage embryos" for these structures, since their components are not fully autonomic (Ferguson et al, 1979). The polymeric complexes were even ascribed to vegetative polyembryony-peculiar plant "pedogenesis" (child reproduction), which partenogenetically appears in response to growth substances (Yakovlev and Snegirev, 1954).…”

Section: Developmental Biology Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As well, images are represented of experimentally derived structures looking like embryos fused to a various extent (Seldimirova and . The embryos with multiple organs (polymeric embryos) may spontaneously develop in different flowering plants in vivo (Nishimura, 1922;Нaccius, 1955;Erdelska and Vidovencova, 1992) or may be induced in situ by diverse treatments, such as, synthetic auxins (Yakovlev and Snegirev, 1954;Haccius, 1955;Ferguson and McEwan, 1970;Ferguson et al, 1979;Vidovencova, 1992, 1994), X-rays (Morgan and Rappleye, 1951;Osone and Oono, 1970), or inhibitors of auxin polar transport (Fischer et al, 1997;Fischer-Iglesias et al, 2001;Rober-Kleber et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenon of “Siamese embryos” in cereals in vivo and in vitro: Cleavage polyembryony and fasciations

et al. 2016

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The genesis of wheat microsporial polyembryoids in vitro was analyzed in detail. The nature of different phenotypes of cereal polymeric embryos was identified. They represent the class "multiple shoot meristems," which results from a cleavage polyembryony and is accompanied by organ fasciations of all known types (radial, flat, or ring). The morphological nature of cereal embryonic organs has been clarified: shoot meristem-axial organ; scutellum-lateral outgrowth of this axis; coleoptile-derivative of shoot meristem but fused with scutellum; terminality of scutellum-the result of linear fasciation that occurred historically. An explanation is given on how the structural model of an auxin polar transport works during the establishment of bilateral symmetry in a cereal embryo that is associated with the inverted polarization of the carrier protein PIN1 on cell membranes and, correspondingly, with the inverted auxin transport performed by this carrier (Fischer-Iglesias et al., 2001;Forestan et al., 2010).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Developmental Biology Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenon of “Siamese embryos” in cereals in vivo and in vitro: Cleavage polyembryony and fasciations

et al. 2016

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“…Ferguson et al (1979) observed that wheat plants produced polyembryos when sprayed right after flowering with a herbicide containing 2,4-D. The extra embryos formed in the lower part of the scutellum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Zygotic Polyembryos in Wheat: Influence of Auxin Polar Transport.

et al. 1997

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The effects of two auxin polar transport inhibitors, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 3,3[prime],4[prime],5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), on attaining bilateral symmetry from radial symmetry during early wheat embryogenesis were investigated by using an in vitro culture system. Although NPA and quercetin belong to two different classes of auxin transport inhibitors, the phytotropins and the flavonoids, respectively, they induced the same specific abnormal phenotypes during embryo development. These abnormal embryos differentiated multiple meristems (i.e., multiple shoot and root meristems) and multiple organs (i.e., multiple coleoptiles and scutella). Multiple shoot apical meristem phenotypes were characterized by partly multiplied embryonic axes and supernumerary scutella. The differentiation of multiple primary roots in addition to multiple shoot meristems and multiple scutella led to the formation of polyembryos. The occurrence of multiple shoot meristem phenotypes depended on the concentration of the inhibitor and the developmental stage of the isolated embryo. Embryos treated with NPA or quercetin developed multiple radicle phenotypes less frequently than they developed multiple shoot meristem phenotypes. Our observations suggest that the root meristem differentiates later than the shoot meristem. Our data support the hypothesis that polar transport of auxin has a determining influence on the differentiation of the embryonic axis and the scutellum.

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“…Ferguson et al (1979) observed that wheat plants produced polyembryos when sprayed immediately after flowering with a herbicide containing 2,4-D. Erdelska and Vidovencova (1992) described the suspensorial embryo and cleavage of the zygotic Genetic characterization of cleavage polyembryos in rice X-c Yang and C-m Hwa proembryo in maize. Cleavage of the zygotic proembryo could also be induced by a 2,4-D treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and physiological characterization of the OsCem mutant in rice: formation of connected embryos with multiple plumules or multiple radicles

2008

Heredity

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Establishment of the apical-basal axis is a critical event in plant embryogenesis. Two functionally distinct primordia (the plumule and radicle) are meristems that originate from the lower and upper regions, respectively, of the embryo and are arranged along an apical-basal axis. One rice mutant (OsCem), which alters the embryo axis pattern to produce multiple plumules and/or radicles, was characterized. The OsCem mutant plants showed three different phenotypes: a multiple-shoot type, a heart-shaped Siamese embryo having multiple plumules and a common radicle; a multiple-root type, an upside-down Y-shaped Siamese embryo possessing multiple radicles and a common plumule; and a connected twin type, a connected Siamese twin having two sets of plumules and radicles. These diverse phenotypes demonstrated that the upper and lower regions of the embryo axis have a similar potential to complete the full spectrum of the developmental program of multiple plumules and radicles, respectively. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping based on simple sequence repeat markers has revealed that a recessive gene was involved in the control of the connected Siamese embryo formation. By using an F2 mapping population derived from a cross between the OsCem mutant and the variety 95-15, the OsCem locus was mapped primarily to the short arm of chromosome 3 of rice (Oryza sativa) at the interval between markers RM148 (6.4 cM) and RM468 (7.5 cM). Subsequently, the OsCem locus was fine mapped to the interval between markers M5 (1.6 cM) and M6 (1.0 cM).

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Hormonally Induced Polyembryos in Wheat

Abstract: It had been shown previously that wheat plants, which had been sprayed with auxin herbicide al flowering lime, produced seeds with extra shoots. These shoots have now been found lo belong So new, and relatively normal, embryos formed in the lower part of the scutellum.

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Phenomenon of “Siamese embryos” in cereals in vivo and in vitro: Cleavage polyembryony and fasciations

Phenomenon of “Siamese embryos” in cereals in vivo and in vitro: Cleavage polyembryony and fasciations

Induction of Zygotic Polyembryos in Wheat: Influence of Auxin Polar Transport.

Genetic and physiological characterization of the OsCem mutant in rice: formation of connected embryos with multiple plumules or multiple radicles

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