1997
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8868
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Hormone Regulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus via the Long Terminal Repeat

Abstract: The hormone regulation of viruses has been of great interest since the discovery of glucocorticoid stimulation of mouse mammary tumor virus via a hormone response element in the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region. This report describes the investigation of the hormone responsiveness of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic retrovirus that infects dairy and beef cattle worldwide. It is a member of the human T cell leukemia (HTLV)/BLV group of retroviruses, which encode a protein, Tax, that is … Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…As shown in Fig. 4B (upper panel), mutations in the CREs, PU box, GRE, E box 4, or IRF motifs caused a decrease of BLV LTR-driven basal gene expression, in agreement with previous reports (14,21,42,58,66,90). In contrast, the combined mutation of E boxes 1, 2, and 3 caused an increase of basal BLV gene expression by approximately 4.5-fold (Fig.…”
Section: Fig 1 Activation Of Blv Ltr Activity By Deacetylase Inhibisupporting
confidence: 92%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…As shown in Fig. 4B (upper panel), mutations in the CREs, PU box, GRE, E box 4, or IRF motifs caused a decrease of BLV LTR-driven basal gene expression, in agreement with previous reports (14,21,42,58,66,90). In contrast, the combined mutation of E boxes 1, 2, and 3 caused an increase of basal BLV gene expression by approximately 4.5-fold (Fig.…”
Section: Fig 1 Activation Of Blv Ltr Activity By Deacetylase Inhibisupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Besides the imperfect CRE consensus, each TxRE also contains an E box sequence, which overlaps each of the three CRE-like motifs (80,87). A PU.1/Spi-B binding site (21) and a glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) (7,8,66,90) are also present in U3. Finally, viral expression is regulated by LTR sequences downstream of the transcription initiation site: an upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-binding site in the R region (14) and an interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-binding site in the U5 region (42).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The core motif also has affinity for the progesterone receptor and androgen receptor (Nelson et al, 1999, and references therein). A glucocorticoid-regulated transcription of provirus through the binding of a GR to the GRE has been described for both simple retroviruses (Beato et al, 1989;Celander et al, 1988;DeFranco & Yamamoto, 1986;Miksicek et al, 1986) and complex retroviruses such as bovine leukaemia virus (Niermann & Buehring, 1997) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Kolesnitchenko & Snart, 1992;Mitra et al, 1995;Russo et al, 1999;Soudeyns et al, 1993). The best-studied steroid-inducible retrovirus is mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), in which the promoter is silent in the absence of hormones.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We found several variations which were localised within BLV LTR regulatory sites. Although three Tax response elements, fundamental for regulation of BLV transcription, remained unchanged, the mutation T147C (cattle 3, 4 and 5) placed just upstream TRE3 -in glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) (14) seemed to be interesting. This mutation could potentially affect responsiveness to dexamethasone, which upregulated BLV transcription in the presence of Tax.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Transcription of the virus initiates at the promoter located in 5'LTR. The U3 region possesses the following motifs associated with transcriptional upregulation: three a 21 bp sequence of Tax response elements (TREs) containing an E box and cyclic-AMP responsive element (CRE) (1); the promoter CAAT and TATA boxes and a poly (A) signal (PAS) (5); a glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) (14), and a PU.1/Spi-B site (4). Additionally, BLV expression is regulated by a downstream activator sequence (DAS) (R region) (11) and an interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-binding site (U5 region) (10).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%