Hormones as Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Myhal, M.; Lamb, D. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-016-2_24

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…Although significantly elevated after the treatment with TA, the testosterone levels (total and free testosterone) in the female participants were still well within normal physiological levels of 0.063-0.836 ng/mL and 1.0-8.5 pg/mL, respectively. Thus, it appears that a potential abuse by athletes (Myhal and Lamb, 2000) need not be considered.…”

Section: Effect On Serum Testosterone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongkat Ali as a Potential Herbal Supplement for Physically Active Male and Female Seniors—A Pilot Study

Henkel

Wang

Bassett

et al. 2013

Phytotherapy Research

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Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia; TA) is known to increase testosterone levels and alleviate aging males' symptoms. This study aimed at investigating TA as an ergogenic supplement for elderly people. Thirteen physically active male and 12 physically active female seniors (57-72 years) were supplemented with 400-mg TA extract daily for 5 weeks. Standard hematological parameters were taken. In addition, the concentrations of total and free testosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor-1, and sex hormone-binding globulin were analyzed. As additional biochemical parameters, blood urea nitrogen and creatine kinase as parameters of kidney function and muscle damage, respectively, as well as the muscle strength by a simple handgrip test were determined. After treatment, hemoglobin, testosterone, and dihydroepiandrosterone concentrations, and the ratio of total testosterone/cortisol and muscle force remained significantly lower in female seniors than in male seniors. Hematocrit and erythrocyte count in male seniors increased slightly but were significantly higher than in female seniors. Treatment resulted in significant increases in total and free testosterone concentrations and muscular force in men and women. The increase in free testosterone in women is thought to be due to the significant decline in sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations. The study affirms the ergogenic benefit of TA through enhanced muscle strength.

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Section: Effect On Serum Testosterone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongkat Ali as a Potential Herbal Supplement for Physically Active Male and Female Seniors—A Pilot Study

Henkel

Wang

Bassett

et al. 2013

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Esiclene was used by bodybuilders to increase volume of some muscular group immediately before any competition. It is a steroid of low anabolic action; however, with inflammatory properties responsible for this apparent and sudden increase (14,15) . Its production was discontinued and right after Synthol came out, which was created by a bodybuilder in the 90 decade of the XX century.…”

Section: History Of Substances To Local Increase In Bodybuildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping cosmético: a problemática das aplicações intramusculares de óleos

Figueiredo

Silva

Trindade³

et al. 2011

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Doping in sports world and in the subculture of professional and recreational bodybuilding athletes is very much known and also studied by the academic and scientific community. However, a new problem, which we defined as cosmetic doping, was introduced some decades ago and has grown in importance in Brazil in recent years. It is the systematic injection of oily substances by intramuscular routes, known as ADE (liposoluble vitamins A, D and E), with the purpose to enlarge the muscle volumetrically, what could lead to necrosis, physical deformities or even death. This article introduces the history of the cosmetic use of body fillers and the review of the possible deleterious and lethal effects that could result as a consequence of the use, as well as the mechanisms that are involved after the injection of these substances. Moreover, simple methods for potential observation of its use in athletes are presented. This paper also suggests that health professionals should report cases when these users are submitted due to their complications, since the studies and cases documented until the present time are only a small part of a reality of public health that tends to considerably increase.

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Effect of Endurance Exercise on Resting Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Subjects

Hiruntrakul¹,

Nanagara²,

Emasithi³

et al. 2010

Cent Eur J Public Health

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Objective: To investigate the effects of moderate-intensity and low frequency exercise on resting serum testosterone and cortisol levels, resting heart rate, and isokinetic strength among healthy sedentary young men. Design: A randomized controlled study. Forty sedentary young men aged 18 to 25 years old, pedaled 50 minutes on a bicycle ergometry at 60% of maximal effort once a week for 12 weeks in an exercise group. Outcome measures: Resting total and free serum testosterone, serum cortisol, anthropometric data, resting heart rate, and isokinetic strength during shoulder and knee extensions. Results: Resting serum total and free testosterone, as well as cortisol did not differ significantly between groups. Neither group showed any significant changes in anthropometric data and isokinetic strength at the end of study. However, the resting heart rate of the exercise group reduced significantly after the training (p<0.05). Also, the isokinetic strength of shoulder and knee significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of moderate-intensity and low frequency training had no effect on resting serum testosterone, but were sufficient to increase aerobic fitness among sedentary young men. The type of exercise training may encourage sedentary individuals to participate regularly in the program on physical activity.

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Hormones as Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Cited by 3 publications

References 216 publications

Tongkat Ali as a Potential Herbal Supplement for Physically Active Male and Female Seniors—A Pilot Study

Tongkat Ali as a Potential Herbal Supplement for Physically Active Male and Female Seniors—A Pilot Study

Doping cosmético: a problemática das aplicações intramusculares de óleos

Effect of Endurance Exercise on Resting Testosterone Levels in Sedentary Subjects

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