Hormones Controlling Homeostasis in Insects

Schooley, David A.

doi:10.1016/b0-44-451924-6/00034-x

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 408 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Direct correlation of Na þ /K þ -ATPase levels and Na þ concentration was rather surprising in the present study, but it is in agreement with earlier reports where reduced levels of (Na þ /K þ )-ATPase resulted in reduced Na þ (Davis et al, 1995;Verma and Tapadia, 2014). Similar results with (Na þ /K þ )-ATPase mutants suggested that in MTs, (Na þ /K þ )-ATPase function differently as compared to the general assumption (3 Na þ exported per 2K þ imported) (Schooley et al, 2012). The altered (Na þ /K þ )-ATPase levels also differentially impacted the levels of different ions like Na þ , K þ , Ca þ þ and Cl À ions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ecdysone regulates morphogenesis and function of malpighian tubules in Drosophila melanogaster through EcR-B2 isoform

Gautam

Verma

Tapadia

2015

Developmental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malpighian tubules are the osmoregulatory and detoxifying organs of Drosophila and its proper development is critical for the survival of the organism. They are made up of two major cell types, the ectodermal principal cells and mesodermal stellate cells. The principal and stellate cells are structurally and physiologically distinct from each other, but coordinate together for production of isotonic fluid. Proper integration of these cells during the course of development is an important pre-requisite for the proper functioning of the tubules. We have conclusively determined an essential role of ecdysone hormone in the development and function of Malpighian tubules. Disruption of ecdysone signaling interferes with the organization of principal and stellate cells resulting in malformed tubules and early larval lethality. Abnormalities include reduction in the number of cells and the clustering of cells rather than their arrangement in characteristic wild type pattern. Organization of F-actin and β-tubulin also show aberrant distribution pattern. Malformed tubules show reduced uric acid deposition and altered expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump. B2 isoform of ecdysone receptor is critical for the development of Malpighian tubules and is expressed from early stages of its development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ecdysone regulates morphogenesis and function of malpighian tubules in Drosophila melanogaster through EcR-B2 isoform

Gautam

Verma

Tapadia

2015

Developmental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many of these functions are hormonally regulated, and thus the fat body is the target organ of several hormones (47, 107). At the same time, the fat body responds to the metabolic requirements of the organ itself.…”

Section: Insect Fat Body: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Fat Body: Energy, Metabolism, and Regulation

Arrese¹,

Soulages²

2010

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

1,929

1,547

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. Insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes, the main fat body cell. Insect adipocytes can store a great amount of lipid reserves as cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Lipid metabolism is essential for growth and reproduction and provides energy needed during extended nonfeeding periods. This review focuses on energy storage and release and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these processes in insects. INSECT FAT BODY: AN OVERVIEWThe insect fat body plays an essential role in energy storage and utilization. It is the central storage depot for excess nutrients. In addition, it is an organ of great biosynthetic and metabolic activity (77). Fat body cells not only control the synthesis and utilization of energy reserves-fat and glycogen-but also synthesize most of the hemolymph proteins and circulating metabolites. Large amounts of relevant proteins, such as storage proteins used as an amino acid reservoir for morphogenesis, lipophorins responsible for the lipid transport in circulation, or vitellogenins for egg maturation, are secreted by the fat body (74). Most of the insect's intermediary metabolism takes place in this organ, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism. Some metabolic processes are stage specific such as the synthesis and secretion of storage proteins into the hemolymph that occur in the feeding larva or the synthesis of vitellogenin in adult insects.To perform multiple metabolic functions to fulfill the changing physiological needs of the insect during development, the fat body must be able to integrate signals from other organs. Many of these functions are hormonally regulated, and thus the fat body is the target organ of several hormones (47,107). At the same time, the fat body responds to the metabolic requirements of the organ itself. Therefore, several metabolic processes in the fat body must be tightly coupled to a number of metabolic pathways.Physiological systems to sense nutrient reserves are expected in all organisms, and in insects nutrient sensing itself appears to be the domain of the fat body (87). Studies of Drosophila melanogaster and, more recently, mosquitoes have shown that the fat body specifically expresses aminoacid transporters that function as nutrient sensors (14,61). The level of nutrient reserves accumulated in the fat body modulates several important aspects of the insect's life such as the rate of insect growth, the timing of metamorphosis, and egg development (87). The fat body coordinates insect growth with metamorphosis or reproduction by storing or releasing components central to these events. For example, the synthesis of vitellogenin in the fat body of Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes is NIH Public Access

show abstract

“…Using AKH expression as a marker for CC (Goldsworthy et al 1972; see reviews: Van der Horst et al 2001 andSchooley et al 2005), we were able to trace the process of remodeling of the CC-CA complex during adult development, as 6-7 cells in each CC could be detected from the late larval instar to the early adult stadium (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Remodeling Of CC and Ca During Adult Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a group of peptide hormones involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in insects, and the peptides are synthesized by, and released from, intrinsic neurosecretory cells of the glandular lobes of the CC (Goldsworthy et al 1972;Schooley et al 2005; Arrese and Soulages 2010). The amino acid sequence of AKH was first determined in Schistocerca gregaria (Stone et al 1976), and then Bombyx AKH by Ishibashi et al (1992); therefore, it is possible to use AKH gene expression as a marker to identify the Bombyx CC during adult development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of the corpora cardiaca and the corpora allata during adult metamorphosis in Bombyx mori: identification of invisible corpora cardiaca by the expression of adipokinetic hormone

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is problematic to identify the corpora cardiaca (CC) of pupal and adult stages of Bombyx mori because of the presence of tissues similar in appearance near the associated corpora allata (CA). To find the CC, we performed in situ hybridization experiments using the adipokinetic hormone II (AKH-II) gene as a probe, as AKH-II expression occurs only in the CC. Shortly after pupation, the CC and CA began to move toward the esophagus and had attached there tightly by 4 days; during this period, the distance between the CC and CA increased from 65 to 507 lm. The CC became flattened during the remodeling period, although the CA stayed globular until adult ecdysis. In situ hybridization analyses, after the CC had been correctly identified during adult development, showed that the mRNA expression of all the mevalonate enzymes and juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase involved in JH synthesis occurred only in CA cells, indicating that the fluctuations of enzyme mRNA amounts in CC-CA complexes (Kinjoh et al. in Insect Biochem Mol Biol 37:808-818, 2007) were derived solely from those in the CA.

show abstract

Hormones Controlling Homeostasis in Insects

Cited by 22 publications

References 408 publications

Ecdysone regulates morphogenesis and function of malpighian tubules in Drosophila melanogaster through EcR-B2 isoform

Ecdysone regulates morphogenesis and function of malpighian tubules in Drosophila melanogaster through EcR-B2 isoform

Insect Fat Body: Energy, Metabolism, and Regulation

Remodeling of the corpora cardiaca and the corpora allata during adult metamorphosis in Bombyx mori: identification of invisible corpora cardiaca by the expression of adipokinetic hormone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About