Horticultural Characteristics of Summer Apple Cultivars from Turkey

Abstract

Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and apple scab (Venturia inequalis) that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple (‘Vista Bella’, ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ and ‘Jersey Mac’) grown in Eskisehir—Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19–50.88 mm, 51.48–60.81 mm, 80.59–86.16 g, 11.87–12.19%, 50.69–80.57%, 2.24–4.79 mg 100 mL−1 and 259.23–871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L−1, respectively. ‘Summer Red’ and ‘Williams Pride’ varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while ‘Vista Bella’ came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, ‘Jersey Mac’ has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics.

Classification of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) genotypes according to different usage purposes and further breeding objectives

“…In this context, a strong positive correlation was determined between fruit weight and fruit width and fruit length respectively at r: 0.75*** and r: 0.80***. The increase in fruit size causes a decrease in the amount of dry matter per unit area by increasing the intercellular space (Mertoğlu et al 2022). For this reason, generally medium-high negative correlations were found between the pomological characteristics and chemical characteristics of the fruits [34].…”

“…Firstly, 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) was calculated by drawing percent inhibition against the sample concentrations. Then, up to IC 50 value samples were taken and the ability to remove DPPH radicals was determined according to the method speci ed by Mertoğlu et al (2022). Results were expressed as a percentage (%) in which ascorbic acid used as a positive control.…”

Screening and classification of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) genotypes based on horticultural characteristics

“…As a defense mechanism against the harmful effects of high UV rays, plants produce phenolic compounds with high UV absorbing ability in epidermal tissues, in the phenylpropanoid pathway [ 37 ]. Josuttis et al [ 38 ] reported that the quantity of phenolic acids in strawberries grown in open field were determined higher than those cultivated inside UV-blocking plastic tunnels because of exposed to higher UV that is increased at high altitudes [ 29 ]. At higher altitudes, the light intensity and the temperature difference between day and night increase.…”

“…Thus, a strong positive correlation was found between fruit weight and fruit width and also between fruit weight and fruit length respectively at ( r = 0.75*** and r = 0.80***). The increase in fruit size causes a decrease in the dry matter per unit area due to an increase in the intercellular space [ 29 ]. Therefore, medium-to-high negative correlations were found between the pomological characteristics and chemical characteristics of fruits [ 5 ].…”

“…First, 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) was calculated by determining percent inhibition against the sample concentrations. Then, samples were taken up to the IC 50 value, and the ability to remove DPPH radicals was determined following the method described by Mertoğlu et al [ 29 ]. The antioxidant activity value was calculated taking advantage of a decrease in the absorbance value using the following formula: Antioxidant activity (%) = (A 0 − A 1 )/A 0 × 100, where A 1 is the absorbance of the mixture containing the sample and A 0 is the absorbance value of the control solution without sample.…”