Hospital-based sentinel surveillance for bacterial meningitis in under-five children prior to the introduction of the PCV13 in India

Jayaraman, Yuvaraj; Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Kumar, C. P. Girish; Bharathy, Sukumar; Rajkumar, Prabu; Kangusamy, Boopathi; Verghese, Valsan Philip; Varghese, Rosemol; Jayaraman, Ranjith; Kapoor, Ambujam Nair; Gupta, Nivedita; Kaliaperumal, Kanagasabai; David, Joseph K; Rajaraman, Jayasri; Sockalingam, Gowtham; Khera, Ajay; Haldar, Pradeep; Aggarwal, Mahesh Kumar; Pillai, Radhakrishnan; Manchanda, Vikas; Theodore, Ramani Bai Joseph; Rajahamsan, Jyothi; Mohan, Ganesh; Jayalekshmi, V.; Nedunchelian, K; Devasena, N; Sridharan, Sujatha; Selvi, R.; Ravinder, Thyagarajan; Babu, R Narayana; Mathevan, G.; Sugumari, C.; Rao, Purnima S; Kini, Pushpa; Dwibedi, Bhagirathi; Kanga, Anil; Grover, Neelam; Narayanan, Harish; Mehendale, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.041

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among these, the most common serotype was 6A/B, followed by serotypes 14, 19F, and 19A, all of which are covered in PCV10 (83.3%) and PCV13 (100%). These findings are consistent with those found in a previous study in India, where serotypes 6A, 6B, 14, and 19F were identified as the primary serotypes of pneumococcal meningitis [ 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, the introduction of PCV into EPI in several countries has resulted in a reduction in morbidity and mortality [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Truong

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under five years with bacterial meningitis in southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Methods From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under five years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. S. pneumoniae serotyping was performed. Results Of the 2,560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H. influenzae (7.6%) and N. meningitidis (6.3%). The case fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.2%-12.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras. Conclusions S. pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under five years in southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Truong

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, these children were shielded from over-the-counter antibiotic therapy, widely prevalent in the community. High rates of erythromycin resistance are observed in this report, consistent with the data obtained from national surveillance [1]. Overall, common antibiotics like penicillin and third-generation cephalosporins seem to be a reasonable choice for empiric therapy in suspected pneumococcal sepsis in children with NS, with third-generation cephalosporins preferred in those with signs of meningitis due to penicillin resistance in over a third of meningeal isolates, similar to data already published from our institution [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Serotype 14, a major contributor to pneumococcal meningitis, was less commonly implicated in our children with NS [22]. These differences may in part be due to age-related serotype susceptibility, as the major burden of pneumococcal meningitis is in children under 2 years of age [1], while our children with NS and those with IPD due to the commonest serotypes 6B and 15B were all older at a mean age of 4 years. Most of the serotypes were sensitive to the commonly used antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two publications provide data from 2012 to 2021 and data from 2007 to 2021 was unavailable. One hospital-based surveillance study from six states, with data from 2012 to 2017, reports a vaccination coverage of 0.3-0.5% in children with PnI [1]. Another report, which looked at real-time monitoring of the pneumococcal vaccine in rural India using a digital tracking platform in a district from Rajasthan from 2017 The current cost of a single pneumococcal vaccine dose on the open market in India ranges from 1600 to 3200 Indian national rupees (INR) which translates to 20-40 US dollars (USD); and three doses are usually unaffordable to most people in the lower or lower-middle socioeconomic strata.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at an increased risk of invasive infections with encapsulated organisms, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is defined as S. pneumoniae isolation from a normally sterile site in a symptomatic person or identification by positive antigen detection, immunochromatography, or polymerase chain reaction from cerebrospinal or pleural fluid [1]. NS is an ideal nesting ground for pneumococcal infections (PnI), the reasons for which are multifactorial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology and outcomes of pneumococcal sepsis in children with nephrotic syndrome in a developing country

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pneumococcal infections are common in children with nephrotic syndrome. Knowledge of the commonly available serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility will help in prevention and appropriate management of pneumococcal sepsis, especially in resource-limited countries. Methods Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on children with nephrotic syndrome and pneumococcal infections were extracted from the electronic medical records. Results Sixty-three isolates of pneumococci obtained from 60 children with nephrotic syndrome, over a period of 14 years, were included in the study. This represented 18% of all pneumococcal infections occurring in children during the same period. Commonly available vaccines covered up to 58% of all the serotypes causing infection. Severe disease, with shock, intensive care admission and/or meningitis, was observed in 38% children and mortality was observed in 10%. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was not observed, except for erythromycin. Conclusions Pneumococcal sepsis was observed to be common in children with nephrotic syndrome and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Commonly used antibiotics were observed to be effective in management of the infections.

show abstract

Estimation of baseline IgG antibody levels to 23 pneumococcal vaccine-type capsular polysaccharides in healthy vaccine naïve Indian adults

Govindan,

Ganaie,

Ramakrishnan

et al. 2023

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hospital-based sentinel surveillance for bacterial meningitis in under-five children prior to the introduction of the PCV13 in India

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Epidemiology and outcomes of pneumococcal sepsis in children with nephrotic syndrome in a developing country

Estimation of baseline IgG antibody levels to 23 pneumococcal vaccine-type capsular polysaccharides in healthy vaccine naïve Indian adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About