Hospital Infection by Pseudomonas Cepacia

Speller, D. C. E.; Stephens, Matthew; Viant, A.C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91236-0

Cited by 81 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…During this latter period, two carbenicillin-susceptible strains were recovered from the environment. Although P. multivorans has not caused proven infection thus far in our patients (it was recovered from the lungs of a patient at autopsy), it has been reported to cause human infection (1, 3,9,10,13,18,21,24). The spread of this relatively resistant microorganism among high risk patients could conceivably be creating the appropriate circumstances needed for an opportunistic microorganism to become a new "hospital strain" capable of causing nosocomial infections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pseudomonads Other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Cancer Patients

Moody

Young

Kenton

1972

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The increase in occurrence of infections due to opportunistic gram-negative bacilli in patients with impaired host defenses emphasizes the need for information on the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms that colonize such patients. During a 20-month period, more than 100 pseudomonads which were not Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered from cancer patients at the Baltimore Cancer Research Center. These included P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. multivorans (cepacia), P. maltophilia, P. stutzeri, P. alcaligenes, and P. pseudoalcaligenes. Susceptibility tests with 12 antibiotics indicated that the intraspecies antibiograms for many of these species were more uniform than those of P. aeruginosa. The stability of susceptibility patterns allowed the antibiograms to be used as aids in the preliminary differentiation of these organisms. Variable antibiogram patterns were noted among certain species, i.e., P. fluorescens, P. stutzeri, and P. multivorans, whereas each of the other species had essentially one pattern. These in vitro studies showed that some of the Pseudomonas species other than P. aeruginosa were resistant to a number of antibiotics. Among these were antibiotics that are in general use for P. aeruginosa infections. Such differences in antibiotic susceptibilities emphasize the necessity for careful speciation of this group of microorganisms to assure proper epidemiological documentation of colonization and infection, as well as to ensure therapy with an antimicrobial agent to which the organism is susceptible in vitro.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pseudomonads Other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Cancer Patients

Moody

Young

Kenton

1972

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In persons with poor antimicrobial resistance, however, it can play the part of an 'opportunist' pathogen, causing severe and potentially fatal sepsis (Phillips & Eykyn, 1971;Speller et al, 1971). It was also reported that P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation And Characterization Of The Outer And Cytoplasmic Membranes Of Pseudomonas cepacia

et al. 1983

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A method is described for the separation of the outer membrane (OM) from the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) of Pseudomonas cepacia grown in nutrient broth and in chemically defined media under different nutrient depletions. The method is particularly valuable since it is effective when applied to stationary phase cells. Enzyme activities indicated that the contamination of the OM with the CM was less than 5 %. The OM protein profile of magnesiumdepleted cells was much simpler than that of the iron-depleted and nutrient broth grown cells. The apparent molecular weights of the OM proteins of magnesium-depleted cells were : 40000, 36000,24500 and 14500. Iron depletion induced the synthesis of an OM protein with apparent molecular weight of 66000. The OM proteins with apparent molecular weights of 40000,36000 and 24500 were heat-modifiable and the 24500 dalton protein was found also to be affected by the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The OM consisted of 50% protein and 20% phospholipid and the rest was probably LPS while the CM consisted of 80% phospholipid and 20% protein.The major phospholipid in both membranes was phosphatidylethanolamine with a smaller amount of phosphatidylglycerol and a trace amount of phosphatidylcholine ; the OM contained more phosphatidylethanolamine than the CM.

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“…cepacia strains have recently been isolated with increasing frequency from clinical specimens (8,21,26,32). We collected 80 strains of P. cepacia from clinical materials, and most of them were highly resistant to fl-lactam antibiotics, except the newly introduced ,B-lactam antibiotics, i.e., apalcilhin, piperacillin, cefotaxime (HR 756), and FK 749 (19; unpublished observation).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and properties of a new beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas cepacia

Hirai¹,

Iyobe²,

Inoue³

et al. 1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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An inducible ,B-lactamase was purified from a fi-lactam antibiotic-resistant strain (GN11164) of Pseudomonas cepacia. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of cephalothin as a substrate was 314.5 U/mg of protein. The optimal pH was about 8.0, and the optimal temperature was 45°C. The isoelectric point was 9.3, and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 22,000 to 24,000 from gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, p-chloromercuribenzoate, clavulanic acid, CP 45899, and cloxacillin. The f8-lactamase showed a unique substrate profile by hydrolyzing most ofthe cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, cefotaxime (HR 756), ampicillin, and penicillin G, at a high rate.Since Abraham and Chain (1) reported the production of ,B-lactamase by Escherichia coli, the enzyme has been considered to have a significant role in the resistance of organisms to f-lactam antibiotics (16,22). There have been many reports on the synthesis of fl-lactamase by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas cepacia (14, 27).P. cepacia strains have recently been isolated with increasing frequency from clinical specimens (8,21,26,32). We collected 80 strains of P. cepacia from clinical materials, and most of them were highly resistant to fl-lactam antibiotics, except the newly introduced ,B-lactam antibiotics, i.e., apalcilhin, piperacillin, cefotaxime (HR 756), and FK 749 (19; unpublished observation).We selected 12 strains of P. cepacia and studied the role of ,B-lactamase in their resistance to B8-lactam antibiotics. Substrate profiles of 8-lactamase produced by these strains were quite similar to each other, and the production was inducible.We selected P. cepacia GN11164 as a representative strain and purified the enzyme by carboxymethyl-Sephadex C-50 and Sephadex G-200 Media. Heart infusion agar was a product of Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. Brain heart infusion broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and peptone water were used for liquid cultures. Peptone water consisted of 10 g of polypeptone, 5 g of NaCl, and 1,000 ml of distilled water.Drug resistance. Drug resistance was determined by the agar dilution method, and the level of resistance was expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration of each drug. Plates were inoculated with one loopful (about 0.005 ml) of 106 cells per ml of an overnight culture in peptone broth supplemented with KNO3 (0.3%). The minimal inhibitory concentration values were scored after 18 h of incubation at 37°C.Drugs. Cephaloridine, cefazolin, cephalothin (CET), cephalexin, benzylpenicillin (PCG), ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacilhin, and methicillin were commercially available materials. Cefsulodin (30), cefotiam (29), cefamandole, cefuroxime (CXM), cefotaxime (9), FK 749, cefoperazone (13), cefoxitin, cefmetazole (28), clavulanic acid, and CP 45899 were used as...

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Hospital Infection by Pseudomonas Cepacia

Cited by 81 publications

References 2 publications

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pseudomonads Other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Cancer Patients

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pseudomonads Other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Cancer Patients

Isolation And Characterization Of The Outer And Cytoplasmic Membranes Of Pseudomonas cepacia

Purification and properties of a new beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas cepacia

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