Hospital infections in Spain. I.<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(1978–91)

Vindel, A.; Trincado, Pilar; Nicolas, Muriel; Gomez, Elia; Bourgon, Cecilia Martín; Nieto, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1017/s0950268800050950

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Identifying strains among the outbreak isolates is a major step in determining the source of the outbreak and in designing subsequent control measures. Two typing techniques frequently used for strain delineation of S. aureus are bacteriophage typing (BT) (4,14) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (7,8,10,15). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has used BT for over 30 years to discriminate among strains of outbreak-related S. aureus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 1995

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Bacteriophage typing (BT) (World Health Organization method) has been used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for over 30 years to type isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Since studies have shown that BT patterns have poor reproducibility and because BT fails to type a high percentage (15 to 20%) of isolates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has converted from using BT to using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for strain typing S. aureus. We compared the results of BT with results of PFGE for typing 300 isolates of S. aureus, including strains from several well-characterized outbreaks. Ninety-six isolates were BT group I, 19 were group II, 82 were group III, 7 were group V, and 96 were nontypeable. PFGE identified subgroups within each phage group and thus was more discriminating than BT, which identified no subgroups. PFGE was able to type all isolates and distinguish related from unrelated strains of S. aureus. Our modified, standardized PFGE methodology should enable typing laboratories to obtain rapid, reliable results in 3 to 4 days when starting with an isolated colony on agar media.

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confidence: 99%

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 1995

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“…Susceptibility to other phages of the international basic set (4), including 54, 83A, 75, and/or 84, is occasionally detected, usually when phages are used at 100 RTDs and/or after incubation of bacterial cultures at 56°C for 2 min (28). A significant increase in the prevalence of such strains was observed in France between 1985 and 1987 (1,16,28), and MRSA strains belonging to the same phage type were also detected in Spain (2,40), Portugal, Belgium (36), Germany (44,46), and the United Kingdom (8).…”

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Contribution of a typing method based on IS256 probing of SmaI-digested cellular DNA to discrimination of European phage type 77 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains

et al. 1997

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The incidence of infections with phage type 77 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains increased in France in 1987. These strains are widespread in numerous European hospitals. The SmaI restriction profiles of total DNA extracted from 74 phage type 77 MRSA strains isolated from 1987 to 1994 in 10 hospitals in eight European cities (in France, Belgium, and Spain) were analyzed. Hybridization with a probe containing a 468-bp DNA fragment from within the transposase gene of the insertion sequence IS256 was also examined. Forty-three SmaI profiles were detected. Twenty major genotypes were identified, and each genotype contained strains with the same profile or profiles which differed by no more than three bands. Strains isolated in different countries and at several-year intervals were often grouped within the same genotype. A larger number of genotypes could be discriminated by analysis of the patterns of hybridization with the IS256 probe. SmaI restriction fragments with the same apparent electrophoretic mobility could, in some cases, be distinguished by the presence or the absence of nucleotide sequences hybridizing with IS256. The strains that grouped within the same genotype after hybridization with IS256 were mostly those isolated in the same hospital and at less than 12-month intervals. Consequently, the IS256 probe that we used improved restriction profile analysis for discrimination between the intrahospital, outbreak-related phage type 77 MRSA strains and the endemic strains disseminated in various cities and countries.

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“…Forty-two experimental phages were distributed to the six participating centres. These were : MR6, MR8, MR12, and MR25 from The Netherlands ; 47T, 56A, 56B, 56C, 1648, 67R, 87M, 13M, and 90A from Australia [8] ; 83C, 88A, 89, 90, 932, 616, 617, 618, 620, 622, 623, 625, 626, 629 and 630 from England [10] ; 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37 and 38 from Spain [9] ; and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 from Germany. Instructions for the propagation of these phages were given to the participating laboratories by the originating centre.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phage typing of S. aureus is organized internationally through a subcommittee of the Inter-national Union of Microbiological Societies and an agreed international set is used in 35 countries. In response to local epidemic strains of MRSA, supplementary experimental phage sets were developed by many typing centres, notably in Australia [8], Spain [9], the UK [10], The Netherlands and Germany, to increase typability rates and improve discrimination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phages for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an international trial

Richardson¹,

Rosdahl

Leeuwen

et al. 1999

Epidemiol. Infect.

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An internationally agreed and validated set of phages is used worldwide for the typing of strains of Staphylococcus aureus of human origin. However, because of the sometimes reduced susceptibility of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) to these phages, some of the national typing centres use locally isolated and characterized sets of experimental phages. In this trial, 42 such phages were distributed to 6 centres and tested against 744 isolates of MRSA with the intention of defining a phage set to augment the international set. The use of these experimental phages increased the percentage typability from 75% with the international set to 93% and the number of identifiable lytic patterns from 192 to 424. A subset of 10 experimental phages was selected. When this subset was compared with the experimental panel, the typability rate was 91% and 370 distinct patterns were obtained. This subset of phages has been distributed for international trial.

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Hospital infections in Spain. I.Staphylococcus aureus(1978–91)

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus

Contribution of a typing method based on IS256 probing of SmaI-digested cellular DNA to discrimination of European phage type 77 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains

Phages for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an international trial

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