Hospital treatment of asthma: lack of benefit from theophylline given in addition to nebulized albuterol and intravenously administered corticosteroid

DiGiulio, Gregg A.; Kercsmar, Carolyn M.; Krug, Steven E.; Alpert, Stephen E.; Marx, Celeste M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83442-0

Cited by 85 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A number of authors [46][47][48] have developed clinical asthma scores. Clinical scores have been shown to correlate with the need for hospitalization and prolonged bronchodilator therapy, and with the severity of an exacerbation.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Children: A Stepwise Approach for Escalating Therapy in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Nievas

Anand

2013

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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OBJECTIVES An increasing prevalence of pediatric asthma has led to increasing burdens of critical illness in children with severe acute asthma exacerbations, often leading to respiratory distress, progressive hypoxia, and respiratory failure. We review the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of severe acute asthma, with a view to developing an evidence-based, stepwise approach for escalating therapy in these patients. METHODS Subject headings related to asthma, status asthmaticus, critical asthma, and drug therapy were used in a MEDLINE search , supplemented by a manual search of personal files, references cited in the reviewed articles, and treatment algorithms developed within Le Bonheur Children's Hospital. RESULTS Patients with asthma require continuous monitoring of their cardiorespiratory status via noninvasive or invasive devices, with serial clinical examinations, objective scoring of asthma severity (using an objective pediatric asthma score), and appropriate diagnostic tests. All patients are treated with β-agonists, ipratropium, and steroids (intravenous preferable over oral preparations). Patients with worsening clinical status should be progressively treated with continuous β-agonists, intravenous magnesium, helium-oxygen mixtures, intravenous terbutaline and/or aminophylline, coupled with high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation to limit the work of breathing, hypoxemia, and possibly hypercarbia. Sedation with low-dose ketamine (with or without benzodiazepines) infusions may allow better toleration of non-invasive ventilation and may also prepare the patient for tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, if indicated by a worsening clinical status. CONCLUSIONS Severe asthma can be a devastating illness in children, but most patients can be managed by using serial objective assessments and the stepwise clinical approach outlined herein. Following multidisciplinary education and training, this approach was successfully implemented in a tertiary-care, metropolitan children's hospital. INDEX TERMS asthma, child, critical care, infant, respiratory failure, status asthmaticus J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2013;18(2):88-104

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Children: A Stepwise Approach for Escalating Therapy in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Nievas

Anand

2013

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…No início dos anos noventa, alguns ensaios clínicos randomizados, realizados em populações de pacientes pediátricos portadores de quadros de asma aguda, não foram capazes de demonstrar benefícios clínicos que fundamentassem sua utilização, desde que um tratamento otimizado da crise com ß 2 -agonista e corticosteróides fosse considerado 44,45 . Carter e colaboradores 44 partiram deste princípio ao avaliar 21 crianças (5-18 anos de idade) admitidas em um centro terciário de assistência.…”

Section: Outros Broncodilatadores: Metilxantinas E Sulfato De Magnésiounclassified

Controversies in the pharmacological management of acute asthma in children

et al. 2002

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Objective: to present a review of controversial issues related to the pharmacological management of the treatment of acute asthma in children.Sources: articles published in national and international scientific journals. Data were selected from Lilacs and Medline databases.Summary of the findings: the article was organized into topics, presenting aspects on which there is consensus regarding the pharmacological treatment of asthma in children. Issues related to the use of metered dose inhaler versus nebulizers, the role of ß2-adrenergic drugs administered intravenously as well as the role of methylxanthine and magnesium sulfate are approached critically. Conclusions:Inhaled ß2-agonist drugs combined with corticosteroids remain the treatment of choice for acute episodes of asthma in children. Either nebulizers or metered dose inhalers connected to spacers are efficient for the relief of acute symptoms. Patients who are refractory to conventional treatment and develop severe acute asthma should receive ß2-agonist drugs intravenously, provided they are properly monitored. Methylxanthine and magnesium sulfate should be considered a second choice for selected patients.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2): S151-S160: acute asthma, beta-agonist, magnesium sulfate, aminophylline. ResumoObjetivo: apresentar uma revisão acerca de questões controversas, relativas ao manejo farmacológico utilizado nos pacientes pediátricos portadores de asma aguda. Fontes dos dados: foram utilizadas informações de artigos publicados em revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais, selecionadas das bases de dados Lilacs e Medline.Síntese dos dados: o artigo foi estruturado em tópicos, apresentando aspectos consensuais no tratamento farmacológico da asma infantil. Questões relacionadas à utilização de inaladores dosimetrados versus nebulizadores, o papel das drogas ß 2 -adrenérgicas utilizadas pela via endovenosa, bem como das metilxantinas e do sulfato de magnésio, são abordados de maneira crítica.Conclusões: os ß 2 -agonistas administrados pela via inalatória, associados aos coricosteróides, permanecem o tratamento de eleição para episódios agudos de asma na população pediátrica. Tanto os nebulizadores quanto os inaladores dosimetrados, acoplados a espaçadores, são efetivos para alívio dos sintomas agudos. Pacientes refratários ao tratamento convencional, que evoluem para quadros de asma aguda grave, devem ter considerada a utilização de drogas ß 2 -agonistas pela via endovenosa, desde que adequadamente monitorizados. Quanto às metilxantinas e ao sulfato de magnésio, devem ser considerados alternativas secundárias para pacientes selecionados.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2): S151-S160: asma aguda, beta-agonistas, sulfato de magnésio, aminofilina.

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“…Embora ainda seja prática comum em alguns hospitais, o uso de aminofilina como droga usual no tratamento da crise aguda de asma tem sido questionado [24][25][26] . As xantinas têm sido utilizadas em associação com simpaticomiméticos nos pacientes com evolução clínica desfavorável ou naqueles que não toleram nebulizações freqüentes.…”

Section: Xantinasunclassified