“…However, this finding can be explained by the fact that many of the studies which did not adopt this technique used SEM for theory confirmation. These studies were drawing up on already existing theories, models, and/or frameworks, namely: protection motivation theory [28,30,40], perceived risk theory [29,51], theory of planned behavior [34], terror management theory [45], social exclusion theory [45], behavioral reasoning theory [38], innovation resistance theory [57], stimulus-organismresponse model [23,37,40], unified theory of use and acceptance of technology model [49], expectancy confirmation model [49], task-technology fit model [49], big five model of personality traits [65], and appraisal tendency framework [40]. Rather than for theory confirmation, PLS-SEM is more appropriate for theory development in hospitality and tourism research [68].…”