Host and microbial-derived metabolites for Clostridioides difficile infection: Contributions, mechanisms and potential applications

Gao, Yan; Ma, Liyan; Su, Jianrong

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.127113

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…As reported recently, differences in the microbial composition during CDI are accompanied by alterations in fecal metabolites (Rojo et al, 2015;Allegretti et al, 2016;Antharam et al, 2016;Martinez-Gili et al, 2020;Gao et al, 2022;Wan et al, 2022). Important metabolites, that differentiate among healthy controls and patients with CDI, are bile acids (Allegretti et al, 2016), sterols (Antharam et al, 2016), amino acids and some vitamins (Rojo et al, 2015;Hryckowian et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In addition, butyric acid can induce C. difficile toxin production (Karlsson et al, 2000), which causes inflammation that could further support C. difficile growth in the gut (Hryckowian et al, 2017). In contrast, in vitro models showed that acetate and propionate can inhibit C. difficile toxin production (Gao et al, 2022). Ethanol is another product of carbohydrate fermentation, which, if present in high concentrations, can cause intestinal dysbiosis (Engen et al, 2015), whereas phenolic acids have proven antimicrobial properties against several commensal gut bacteria (Cueva et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children gut microbiota exhibits a different composition and metabolic profile after in vitro exposure to Clostridioides difficile and increases its sporulation

et al. 2022

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Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) is one of the main public health concerns in adults, while children under 2 years of age are often colonized asymptomatically. In both adults and children, CDI is strongly associated with disturbances in gut microbiota. In this study, an in-vitro model of children gut microbiota was challenged with vegetative cells or a conditioned media of six different toxigenic C. difficile strains belonging to the ribotypes 027, 078, and 176. In the presence of C. difficile or conditioned medium the children gut microbiota diversity decreased and all main phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) were affected. The NMR metabolic spectra divided C. difficile exposed children gut microbiota into three clusters. The grouping correlated with nine metabolites (short chain fatty acids, ethanol, phenolic acids and tyramine). All strains were able to grow in the presence of children gut microbiota and showed a high sporulation rate of up to 57%. This high sporulation rate in combination with high asymptomatic carriage in children could contribute to the understanding of the reported role of children in C. difficile transmissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children gut microbiota exhibits a different composition and metabolic profile after in vitro exposure to Clostridioides difficile and increases its sporulation

et al. 2022

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“…Regarding the role of SCFAs in CDI pathogenesis, a decrease in the proportion of SCFA-producing bacteria and a simultaneous reduction in SCFAs has been seen in patients suffering from CDI [ 48 ]. Several studies have shown that SCFAs like butyrate, propionate, and acetate provide resistance against C. difficile [ 19 , 48 , 58 , 75 , 76 ]. SCFAs have benefits for human health.…”

Section: Gut Metabolites and CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota–Gut Metabolites and Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching Sustainable Solutions for Therapy

Gurung,

Stricklin,

Wang

2024

Metabolites

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Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. With the combination of a high rate of antibiotic resistance and recurrence, it has proven to be a debilitating public health threat. Current treatments for CDI include antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, which contribute to recurrent CDIs and potential risks. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new preventative treatment strategies for CDI. Notably, gut microbiota dysbiosis is the primary risk factor for CDI and provides a promising target for developing novel CDI therapy approaches. Along with gut microbiota dysbiosis, a reduction in important gut metabolites like secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also seen in patients suffering from CDI. In this review study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived gut metabolites, especially secondary bile acids and SCFAs in CDI pathogenesis. Moreover, specific signatures of gut microbiota and gut metabolites, as well as different factors that can modulate the gut microbiota, were also discussed, indicating that gut microbiota modulators like probiotics and prebiotics can be a potential therapeutic strategy for CDI as they can help restore gut microbiota and produce gut metabolites necessary for a healthy gut. The understanding of the associations between gut microbiota–gut metabolites and CDI will allow for developing precise and sustainable approaches, distinct from antibiotics and fecal transplant, for mitigating CDI and other gut microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases.

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“…It is an obligatory chemoorganotroph that breaks down mucin and uses mucus as its only source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. It can produce propionate, acetate, succinate, ethanol, and 1,2-propanediol in smaller amounts by using these [14,24,32]. Other good bacteria can improve mucus structure, which in turn can stimulate the population of Akkermansia in the intestinal area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Probiotic, Adhesion and Induction Properties of Artisanal Lactic Acid Bacteria: To Customize a Gastrointestinal Niche to Trigger Anti-Obesity Functions

Kamber,

Albayrak,

Harsa

2024

Preprint

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Aims: The primary goals of this work are to explore the potential of probiotic LAB's mucin/mucus layer thickening properties and to identify anti-obesity candidate strains that improve appropriate habitat for use with the Akkermansia group population in the future. Methods and Results: The HT-29 cell binding, antimicrobial properties, adhesion to the mucin/mucus layer, growth in the presence of mucin, stability during in vitrogastrointestinal (GI) conditions, biofilm formation, and mucin/mucus thickness increment abilities were all assessed for artisanal LAB strains. Sixteen LAB strains out of 40 were chosen for further analysis based on their ability to withstand GI conditions. Thirteen strains maintained their vitality in the simulated intestinal fluid, whereas the majority of the strains displayed high viability in the gastric juice simulation. Furthermore, 35.2-65.4% of those 16 bacteria adhered to the mucin layer. Besides, different lactate levels were produced, and Streptococcus thermophilusUIN9 exhibited the highest biofilm development. Also, with a 50 mM lactate concentration and the presence of mucin that had been injected originally, Lacticaseibacillus casei NRRL-B 441 had the maximum amount of mucin (321.6 µg/mL). Conclusions: Two isolates of olive bacteria from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were chosen as the anti-obesity prototype candidates; these strains did not consume mucin sugars. Significance and Impact of the Study: Probiotic LAB's attachment to the colonic mucosa and its ability to stimulate HT-29 cells to secrete mucus are critical mechanisms that may support the development of Akkermansia.

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Host and microbial-derived metabolites for Clostridioides difficile infection: Contributions, mechanisms and potential applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 112 publications

Children gut microbiota exhibits a different composition and metabolic profile after in vitro exposure to Clostridioides difficile and increases its sporulation

Children gut microbiota exhibits a different composition and metabolic profile after in vitro exposure to Clostridioides difficile and increases its sporulation

Gut Microbiota–Gut Metabolites and Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching Sustainable Solutions for Therapy

Studies on the Probiotic, Adhesion and Induction Properties of Artisanal Lactic Acid Bacteria: To Customize a Gastrointestinal Niche to Trigger Anti-Obesity Functions

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