Host Associations of <i>Culex pipiens</i>: A Two-Year Analysis of Bloodmeal Sources and Implications for Arboviral Transmission in Southeastern Virginia

Khalil, Noelle; Little, Eliza A.H.; Akaratovic, Karen I.; Kiser, Jay P.; Abadam, Charles F.; Yuan, Karen J.; Misencik, Michael J.; Armstrong, Philip M.; Molaei, Goudarz

doi:10.1089/vbz.2021.0069

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Considering the propensity of Ur. sapphirina to feed on a relatively wide variety of competent hosts in conjunction with isolates of WNV and EEEV in field-collected mosquitoes (Cupp et al 2003, Andreadis et al 2004, Armstrong and Andreadis 2010, Khalil et al 2021, the potential role of this mosquito species in arbovirus transmission cannot be entirely ruled out. Tested pools contained 1 to 50 individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dissected abdomens were then placed in individual 1.5-ml tubes for bloodmeal analysis while corresponding heads and thoraxes were kept in separate 2.0-ml tubes and transferred into a –80 °C freezer for subsequent arbovirus testing. DNA was extracted using DNAzol BD (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation with minor modifications as previously described (Molaei et al 2006, 2015, Khalil et al 2021). Briefly, 400 µl of DNAzol BD was added to each 1.5-ml tube, and abdomens were homogenized in each tube using a disposable micropestle (USA Scientific, Ocala, FL) followed by the addition of 15 µl proteinase K (Qiagen, Valencia, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although field-collected Ur. sapphirina specimens have previously tested positive for arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) (Cupp et al 2003, Andreadis et al 2004, Armstrong and Andreadis 2010, Khalil et al 2021), the exact role of this species in the epidemiology of these viruses is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engorged Uranotaenia sapphirina collected in Massachusetts (2021),Connecticut (2004-2021), and New Jersey (2001 and identified to host species…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding on annelid worms in the Northeastern United States

Khalil

Shepard

Foss³

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Mosquito host-feeding behavior is an important parameter for determining the vector potential of mosquito species in a given locale. Despite the recent discovery of Uranotaenia sapphirina Osten Sacken feeding on annelid hosts in Florida, host association studies for this mosquito species in the United States remain limited. To investigate the blood-feeding pattern of Ur. sapphirina in the northeastern United States, mosquitoes were collected from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey using CDC miniature light traps, peat fiber resting boxes, gravid traps, and backpack aspirators. Vertebrate and invertebrate hosts of this mosquito species were identified through PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the 28S ribosomal RNA gene, respectively. Of 21 (24.7%) specimens successfully identified to host species, 47.6% contained solely annelid blood, 14.3% mammalian blood, 14.3% avian blood, and 23.8% with mixed blood of annelid and avian origin. The mud earthworm, Sparganophilus tennesseensis Reynolds (Haplotaxida: Sparganophilidae), was identified as the most common host (n = 14, including mixed bloods), followed by American robin, Turdus migratorius (n = 7, including mixed bloods). Testing of these blood engorged mosquitoes for West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalitis virus did not result in any positive specimens. This is the first report of Ur. sapphirina feeding on annelids and on both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in mixed bloodmeals in the northeastern United States. Our findings support the recent report of Ur. sapphirina feeding on invertebrates and further emphasizes the inclination of some mosquito species to feed on a wider range of hosts spanning nontraditional taxonomic groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engorged Uranotaenia sapphirina collected in Massachusetts (2021),Connecticut (2004-2021), and New Jersey (2001 and identified to host species…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding on annelid worms in the Northeastern United States

Khalil

Shepard

Foss³

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…However, the percentage of virus sequences obtained from the three mosquito samples varies greatly. This may be related to the geographical location of mosquito species (Bang et al, 2021;Khalil et al, 2021). Although the mosquitoes from multiple geographic locations were pooled, some viruses can be discovered in non-Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Togaviridae in Mosquito Viromes Isolated From Yunnan Province in China Reveals Genes from Chikungunya and Ross River Viruses

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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We collected 5,500 mosquitoes belonging to six species in three locations in China. Their viromes were tested using metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The affluent viral sequences that were detected and annotated belong to 22 viral taxonomic families. Then, PCR was performed to confirm the results, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Herein, part of mosquito virome was identified, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Getah virus (GETV), and Ross river virus (RRV). After metagenomic analysis, seven CHIKV sequences were verified by PCR amplification, among which CHIKV-China/YN2018-1 had the highest homology with the CHIKV isolated in Senegal, 1983, with a nucleotide (nt) identity of at least 81%, belonging to genotype West Africa viral genes. Five GETV sequences were identified, which had a high homology with the GETV sequences isolated from Equus caballus in Japan, 1978, with a (nt) identity of at least 97%. The newly isolated virus CHIKV-China/YN2018-1 became more infectious after passage of the BHK-21 cell line to the Vero cell line. The newly identified RRV gene had the highest homology with the 2006 RRV isolate from Australia, with a (nt) identity of at least 94%. In addition, numerous known and unknown viruses have also been detected in mosquitoes from Yunnan province, China, and propagation tests will be carried out.

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Modeling West Nile Virus transmission in birds and humans: Advantages of using a cellular automata approach

Cissé,

Lapen,

Chalvet-Monfray

et al. 2024

Infectious Disease Modelling

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Host Associations of Culex pipiens: A Two-Year Analysis of Bloodmeal Sources and Implications for Arboviral Transmission in Southeastern Virginia

Cited by 5 publications

References 60 publications

Evidence of Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding on annelid worms in the Northeastern United States

Evidence of Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera: Culicidae) feeding on annelid worms in the Northeastern United States

Metagenomic Analysis of Togaviridae in Mosquito Viromes Isolated From Yunnan Province in China Reveals Genes from Chikungunya and Ross River Viruses

Modeling West Nile Virus transmission in birds and humans: Advantages of using a cellular automata approach

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