Host galaxies of high-redshift extremely red and obscured quasars

Zakamska, Nadia L.; Sun, Alexander H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Alexandroff, Rachael; Brandt, W. N.; Chiaberge, M.; Greene, Jenny E.; Hamann, Fred; Liu, Guilin; Perrotta, Serena; Ross, Nicholas P.; Wylezalek, Dominika

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2071

Cited by 46 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…The host galaxies of red QSOs have been explored for just a few objects, given the difficulty in disentangling the stellar emission from the dominant accretion disk component and the lack of homogeneous deep Herschel or ALMA imaging. Indeed, due to these challenges existing studies find diverging evidence regarding several questions around the host galaxies, such as whether the host galaxies of red QSOs are undergoing mergers in a similar manner (Zakamska et al 2019) or more often than blue QSOs (Urrutia et al 2008(Urrutia et al , 2012, and whether red QSOs host galaxies are more strongly star-forming than typical QSOs (Georgakakis et al 2009) or whether there are no significant differences (Urrutia et al 2012;Wethers et al 2020). Two main challenges in the task of comparing these different studies is that they often involve low statistics and inhomogeneous selection effects.…”

Section: On the Role Of Red Qsos In Galaxy Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiwavelength properties of red QSOs: Evidence for dusty winds as the origin of QSO reddening

Rivera

Alexander

Rosario

et al. 2021

A&A

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Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red quasars (QSOs), as compared to blue QSOs, have been recently discovered, positioning them as a potential key population in the evolution of galaxies and black holes across cosmic time. To elucidate the nature of these objects, we exploited a rich compilation of broad-band photometry and spectroscopic data to model their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared and characterise their emission-line properties. Following a systematic comparison approach, we characterise the properties of the QSO accretion, obscuration, and host galaxies in a sample of ∼1800 QSOs at 0.2 < z < 2.5, classified into red and control QSOs and matched in redshift and luminosity. We find no strong differences in the average multiwavelength SEDs of red and control QSOs, other than the reddening of the accretion disk expected by the colour selection. Additionally, no clear link can be recognised between the reddening of QSOs and the interstellar medium as well as star formation properties of their host galaxies. Our modelling of the infrared emission using dusty torus models suggests that the dust distributions and covering factors in red QSOs are strikingly similar to those of the control sample, inferring that the reddening is not related to the torus and orientation effects. Interestingly, we detect a significant excess of infrared emission at rest-frame 2−5 μm, which shows a direct correlation with optical reddening. To explain its origin, we investigated the presence of outflow signatures in the QSO spectra, discovering a higher incidence of broad [O III] wings and high C IV velocity shifts (> 1000 km s−1) in red QSOs as compared to the control sample. We find that red QSOs that exhibit evidence for high-velocity wind components present a stronger signature of the infrared excess, suggesting a causal connection between QSO reddening and the presence of hot dust distributions in QSO winds. We propose that dusty winds at nuclear scales are potentially the physical ingredient responsible for the optical colours in red QSOs, as well as a key parameter for the regulation of accretion material in the nucleus.

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Section: On the Role Of Red Qsos In Galaxy Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiwavelength properties of red QSOs: Evidence for dusty winds as the origin of QSO reddening

Rivera

Alexander

Rosario

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…The observed radiative output of QSOs with bolometric luminosities L bol ∼ 10 46 -10 47 erg s −1 (e.g., Fan et al 2001;Kollmeier et al 2006;Mortlock et al 2011;Trakhtenbrot et al 2011;Bañados et al 2018;Zakamska et al 2019) Marconi et al 2004), and up to an order of magnitude higher for the most extreme QSOs known (e.g., Wu et al 2015). Reproducing such high inflow rates from galactic scales down to the black hole accretion disk represents a significant challenge for models.…”

Section: Reproducing Luminous Qso Inflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflow of gas from large scales down to galactic nuclei plays a key role in galaxy formation, driving the growth of central massive black holes and a variety of related phenomena: from bright quasars (QSOs) that outshine their host galaxies (with bolometric luminosities reaching L bol ∼ 10 46 -10 48 erg s −1 , e.g., Fan et al 2001;Mortlock et al 2011;Trakhtenbrot et al 2011;Bañados et al 2018;Zakamska et al 2019) to active galactic nuclei (AGNs) "feedback" in the form of fast nuclear outflows (e.g., Tombesi et al 2013;Nardini et al 2015), galaxy-scale winds (e.g., Rupke & Veilleux 2011;Greene et al 2012;Liu et al 2013;Cicone et al 2014;Harrison et al 2014;Zakamska & Greene 2014;Wylezalek et al 2020), and radio-emitting jets (Fabian 2012;Hlavacek-Larrondo et al 2012) that may have a significant impact on galaxy evolution (e.g., Silk & Rees 1998;Di Matteo et al 2005;Murray et al 2005;Faucher-Giguère & Quataert 2012;Richings & Faucher-Giguère 2018). The scaling relations between the masses of central black holes and the properties of their host galaxies (e.g., Häring & Rix 2004;Hopkins et al 2007;Bentz et al 2009;Bennert et al 2011;Kormendy & Ho 2013;McConnell & Ma 2013; Reines & Volonteri 2015;Graham 2016), as well as the similarity between the global cosmic histories of star formation and black hole accretion (Silverman et al 2008;Aird et al 2010;Rodighiero et al 2010;Heckman & Best 2014;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmological Simulations of Quasar Fueling to Subparsec Scales Using Lagrangian Hyper-refinement

Anglés-Alcázar

Quataert

Hopkins

et al. 2021

ApJ

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We present cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of a quasar-mass halo (M halo ≈ 10 12.5 M e at z = 2) that for the first time resolve gas transport down to the inner 0.1 pc surrounding the central massive black hole. We model a multiphase interstellar medium including stellar feedback by supernovae, stellar winds, and radiation, and a hyper-Lagrangian refinement technique increasing the resolution dynamically approaching the black hole. We do not include black hole feedback. We show that the subpc inflow rate (1) can reach ∼6 M e yr −1 roughly in steady state during the epoch of peak nuclear gas density (z ∼ 2), sufficient to power a luminous quasar, (2) is highly time variable in the pre-quasar phase, spanning 0.001-10 M e yr −1 on Myr timescales, and (3) is limited to short (∼2 Myr) active phases (0.01-0.1 M e yr −1 ) followed by longer periods of inactivity at lower nuclear gas density and late times (z ∼ 1), owing to the formation of a hot central cavity. Inflowing gas is primarily cool, rotational support dominates over turbulence and thermal pressure, and star formation can consume as much gas as provided by inflows across 1 pc-10 kpc. Gravitational torques from multiscale stellar non-axisymmetries dominate angular momentum transport over gas self-torquing and pressure gradients, with accretion weakly dependent on black hole mass. Subpc inflow rates correlate with nuclear (but decouple from global) star formation and can exceed the Eddington rate by ×10. The black hole can move ∼10 pc from the galaxy center on ∼0.1 Myr. Accreting gas forms pc-scale, rotationally supported, obscuring structures often misaligned with the galaxy-scale disk. These simulations open a new avenue to investigate black hole-galaxy coevolution.

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“…Examples of an optical selection can be a quasar (also known as a quasi-stellar object, QSO) target selection from the SDSS (York et al 2000) spectroscopic observations, where the combination of morphological properties and color selection methods have been used to separate QSOs from stars (Richards et al 2004(Richards et al , 2009. The biggest issue with the optical-only selection is a very low completeness of type-II AGN, caused by colors, which might be easily classified as stellar-like or type-I-like due to the conjunction of host and scattered AGN emission (Zakamska et al 2003(Zakamska et al , 2019.…”

Section: Agn Photometric Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

Poliszczuk

Pollo

Małek

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. The north ecliptic pole (NEP) field provides a unique set of panchromatic data that are well suited for active galactic nuclei (AGN) studies. The selection of AGN candidates is often based on mid-infrared (MIR) measurements. Such methods, despite their effectiveness, strongly reduce the breadth of resulting catalogs due to the MIR detection condition. Modern machine learning techniques can solve this problem by finding similar selection criteria using only optical and near-infrared (NIR) data. Aims. The aim of this study is to create a reliable AGN candidates catalog from the NEP field using a combination of optical SUBARU/HSC and NIR AKARI/IRC data and, consequently, to develop an efficient alternative for the MIR-based AKARI/IRC selection technique. Methods. We tested set of supervised machine learning algorithms for the purposes of carrying out an efficient process for AGN selection. The best models were compiled into a majority voting scheme, which used the most popular classification results to produce the final AGN catalog. An additional analysis of the catalog properties was performed as a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting via the CIGALE software. Results. The obtained catalog of 465 AGN candidates (out of 33 119 objects) is characterized by 73% purity and 64% completeness. This new classification demonstrates a suitable consistency with the MIR-based selection. Moreover, 76% of the obtained catalog can be found solely using the new method due to the lack of MIR detection for most of the new AGN candidates. The training data, codes, and final catalog are available via the github repository. The final catalog of AGN candidates is also available via the CDS service. Conclusions. The new selection methods presented in this paper are proven to be a better alternative for the MIR color AGN selection. Machine learning techniques not only show similar effectiveness, but also involve less demanding optical and NIR observations, substantially increasing the extent of available data samples.

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Host galaxies of high-redshift extremely red and obscured quasars

Cited by 46 publications

References 124 publications

The multiwavelength properties of red QSOs: Evidence for dusty winds as the origin of QSO reddening

The multiwavelength properties of red QSOs: Evidence for dusty winds as the origin of QSO reddening

Cosmological Simulations of Quasar Fueling to Subparsec Scales Using Lagrangian Hyper-refinement

Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field

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