Host Genetics and Microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Shared or Independent Risk?

Abstract

The role of microbiota in colorectal cancer has been studied since alterations in its composition were observed. In addition, there are more and more pieces of evidence that microbiota could be implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Thus, the components of the microbiota could be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is important to address how the microbiota interacts with the host and how the host shapes the microbiota, in order to understand the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in their relationship and the consequences of their interactions in colorectal cancer. Thereby, it could be possible to find feasible measures and treatments to prevent or better diagnose colorectal cancer. In this review, we will try to summarize the role of the microbiota in colorectal cancer and its interactions with the host and the host genetics, coming to some conclusions that could be useful to find the gaps in our knowledge and propose future steps in this field.

Exploring prognostic microbiota markers in patients with endometrial carcinoma: Intratumoral insights

“…In addition, LASSO regression analysis led to the generation of a risk scoring model for EC, incorporating the Nitriliruptor microbiome. Previous research has linked Nitriliruptor to colorectal cancer (CRC), revealing a strong correlation between Nitriliruptor abundance and the expression of host genes in advanced-stage CRC [ 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, a forest plot derived from univariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that a higher abundance of Blautia bacteria correlated with a poorer clinical prognosis in EC patients (HR, 3.923; 95% CI: 1.505–10.225; P = 0.019).…”

A Narrative Literature Review on Sepsis: A Primary Manifestation of Colorectal Neoplasm

“…S. bovis and its subclasses, types I and II, have been linked to endocarditis, colorectal carcinoma, and biliary tract illnesses [ 10 , 75 , 78 , 79 ]. The relationship between S. bovis and colorectal carcinoma has been well acknowledged recently, mainly including S. gallolyticus bacteria [ 10 , 37 , 71 , 75 , 79 , 80 ]. However, whether the bacteria causes colon cancer or the cancerous lesions cause favorable conditions and a conduit for bacteria to multiply and enter the blood circulation is ambiguous [ 79 ].…”

“…In 2015, Glibetic et al [ 79 ] proposed that S. bovis is a driver and a passenger cancer microorganism [ 79 , 80 ]. This microbiota is a contributory element that expedites the development of CRC [ 10 , 37 , 71 , 79 , 80 ]. In the presence of S. bovis septicemia, there was a seven-fold increase in the possibility of having CRC, as reported in the study [ 9 , 75 ].…”

“…Moreover, the Streptococcus genus has been categorized into seven subgroups, including S. gallolyticus subgroup gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subgroup macedonicus, S. gallolyticus subgroup pasteurianus, S. infantarius subgroup infantries, S. lutetiensis, S. elastolytic, and S. equinus [ 71 ]. Using in vitro cell cultures and mice models of CRC, Macha et al showed that S. gallolyticus actively promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression, indicating that its presence in CRC is causative, not only temporary or symbiotic.…”

“…Another anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria found in the intestine and linked with primary malignancy in more than 80% of cases are C. septicum [ 72 ]. Patients infected with C. septicum had digestive tract illnesses and CRC [ 71 ]. It has a strong association with CRC and immunosuppression.…”