Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis

Courtin, David; Berthier, David; Thévenon, Sophie; Dayo, Guiguigbaza‐Kossigan; Garcia, André; Bucheton, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.02.007

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, trypanotolerance is a complex quantitative trait, with strong interactions with environmental and other disease factors (24). Identification of quantitative trait genes is particularly difficult because trypanosomes are free-living bloodstream parasites that interact with all tissues, causing a generalized response with cachexia and anemia but no pathognomonic signs that could be related to particular pathways or cell types.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and expression analysis of cattle identifies candidate genes in pathways responding to Trypanosoma congolense infection

Noyes

Brass

Obara

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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African bovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma sp., is a major constraint on cattle productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Some African Bos taurus breeds are highly tolerant of infection, but the potentially more productive Bos indicus zebu breeds are much more susceptible. Zebu cattle are well adapted for plowing and haulage, and increasing their tolerance of trypanosomiasis could have a major impact on crop cultivation as well as dairy and beef production. We used three strategies to obtain short lists of candidate genes within QTL that were previously shown to regulate response to infection. We analyzed the transcriptomes of trypanotolerant N'Dama and susceptible Boran cattle after infection with Trypanosoma congolense. We sequenced EST libraries from these two breeds to identify polymorphisms that might underlie previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL), and we assessed QTL regions and candidate loci for evidence of selective sweeps. The scan of the EST sequences identified a previously undescribed polymorphism in ARHGAP15 in the Bta2 trypanotolerance QTL. The polymorphism affects gene function in vitro and could contribute to the observed differences in expression of the MAPK pathway in vivo. The expression data showed that TLR and MAPK pathways responded to infection, and the former contained TICAM1, which is within a QTL on Bta7. Genetic analyses showed that selective sweeps had occurred at TICAM1 and ARHGAP15 loci in African taurine cattle, making them strong candidates for the genes underlying the QTL. Candidate QTL genes were identified in other QTL by their expression profile and the pathways in which they participate. nagana | positional cloning | sustainable agriculture | trypanosomosis

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and expression analysis of cattle identifies candidate genes in pathways responding to Trypanosoma congolense infection

Noyes

Brass

Obara

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Trypano-tolerance occurs in some African bovine breeds (Bos Taurus) such as longhorn (N"Dama) and shorthorn (Baoule) cattle, which entered into African continent before Zebu cattle (Courtin et al, 2008). According to literatures, the most prevalent trypanosome species of Bovine in tsetse-fly infested areas in different parts of Ethiopia were T. congolense and T. vivax (Abebe, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Oyda¹,

Hailu²

2018

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Ethiopia is one of African country with nine regions and two city administration of which five regions were infected with more than one species of tsetse flies. Known species in Ethiopia are five in number namely Glossina pallidipes, G .morsitans, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. longipennis. Most tsetse transmission is cyclic and begins when blood from a trypanosome-infected animal is ingested by the fly. The clinical feature of the disease follows the level or burdens of tsetse challenge species. The main feature is anemia results in a progressive drop in packed cell volume, a non-specific but useful indicator in endemic areas. The most sensitive rapid method is examining a wet mount of the buffy coat area of a PCV tube after centrifugation, looking for motile parasites. The prevalence of trypanosomosis in enzootic area can be reduced by parasite control, vector control, host resistance protection prophylactic treatment and good husbandry management system. The methods of tsetse fly control involved bush clearing, elimination of game animals on which tsetse feed, and the sterile male technique (sterile insect techniques). Since female tsetse only mates once in a lifetime, this technique is theoretically able to eradicate a targeted tsetse species. Trypanotolerant animals are very important in tsetse fly challenging areas, but most countries did not accept them due to their low production of milk than indigenous breed. In conclusion, prevalence of trypanosomosis is devastating diseases of cattle in Ethiopia with both direct and indirect economic losses.

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“…9,10 Trypanotolerance is an inheritable trait with genetic parameters of indicators such as control of parasitaemia and limiting of pathological effects. 11,12 In cattle breeds, trypanotolerance arises from improved parasite control and haemtopoietic tissue genotype which improves control over development of anaemia.…”

Section: Genomics In Trypanosomiasis Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

Igbokwe¹

2018

ACP

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African trypanosomes are transmitted biologically by tsetse flies (Glossina spp) to humans and animals to cause African trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis (sleeping sickness or Ngana). The pathology associated with the disease includes blood dyscrasia (anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia), organ damage and inflammation. The infected host's metabolism is altered in response to the disease. The biochemical configuration and functions of the cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytosolic components are deranged by the infection. Cells of the infected host respond biochemically by producing chemical signals which regulate biochemical pathways, influence inflammatory responses and modify structural components. Several biochemical tools have been used to elucidate the biomolecules expressed in the disease. These biomolecules are also markers for diagnostic purposes and pathophysiological evaluations. The technologies involved in the biochemical studies are expanding from basic techniques of colorimetry, spectophotometry, and chromatography to sophisticated mass spectrometry. There are new trends employing systematics such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (metabonomics). The goal is to identify molecules and biochemical loci which can provide avenue for anti-disease strategies needed to treat and control the disease.

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Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Genetic and expression analysis of cattle identifies candidate genes in pathways responding to Trypanosoma congolense infection

Genetic and expression analysis of cattle identifies candidate genes in pathways responding to Trypanosoma congolense infection

Review on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

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