Host–microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients

Clonal expansion accounts for an excess of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus colonising HIV-positive individuals in Lagos, Nigeria

“…This finding is consistent with recent reports from Africa which found that 40-57% of S. aureus causing infection and colonisation are PVL-positive [6,8,10]. Comparing these results with the virtual absence of PVL in colonising S. aureus of healthy carriers [14] and HIV-positive individuals [15] in Europe, these findings further support the emerging concept of a significantly higher prevalence of PVL in S. aureus on the African continent [8,10].…”

Molecular epidemiology of the nasal colonization by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Swiss children

“…Among the eight centres, carriage prevalence was in the range 36% to 50%, in the Bern and St-Gallen areas, respectively. This prevalence appears similar to that reported in other studies [21,22] but slightly higher than that observed in 2003 by Shopsin and Kreiswirth [23] who reported a 35% MSSA carriage in healthy children visiting a clinic. Only one child in our investigation was colonized with MRSA, and this parallels other studies that have shown that, despite an increase in MRSA prevalence in the hospital settings, MRSA carriage remains stable and low in children in the community [23,24], regardless of whether in the healthy population or in patients requiring hospitalization [25].…”

“…Recently, Melles et al [21] compared the strains recovered from HIV patients (who are prone to develop S. aureus infections with persistent carriage) with those recovered from healthy subjects and found them to be 'strongly overlapping' in genetic content assessed by the amplified fragment length polymorphism assay. The accessory gene regulator (agr) is a crucial component of S. aureus involved in the temporal expression of numerous bacterial virulence factors.…”

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in ambulatory human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Nigeria: Risk factors and molecular features

“…9 The persistent carriage of 27% in this study reflects the proportion of persistent carriers in Dutch HIV patients (29.6%) but is higher compared to healthy Dutch volunteers (24%). 10 We found that a low CD4þ cell count is significantly associated with persistent carriage (Table 1). It is known that the impairment of the immunosystem is a risk factor for S. aureus colonization in general and persistent colonization in particular.…”