Host-Parasite Interactions of Tropical Bats in Puerto Rico

Krichbaum, Kristle; Perkins, Sarah E.; Gannon, Michael R.

doi:10.3161/150811009x465776

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For the purpose of this publication, we designated these specimens Nycterophilia cf. coxata (29). Lastly, clade E comprised a single specimen of N. natali from Natalus stramineus subsp.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analyses (I) Nycterophiliinae (Invertebrate Homentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Like It Hot: Evolution and Ecology of Novel Endosymbionts in Bat Flies of Cave-Roosting Bats (Hippoboscoidea, Nycterophiliinae)

Morse

Dick

Patterson

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We investigated previously unknown associations between bacterial endosymbionts and bat flies of the subfamily Nycterophiliinae (Diptera, Streblidae). Molecular analyses revealed a novel clade of Gammaproteobacteria in Nycterophilia bat flies. This clade was not closely related to Arsenophonus-like microbes found in its sister genus Phalconomus and other bat flies. High population infection rates in Nycterophilia across a wide geographic area, the presence of the symbionts in pupae, the general codivergence between hosts and symbionts, and high AT composition bias in symbiont genes together suggest that this host-symbiont association is obligate in nature and ancient in origin. Some Nycterophilia samples (14.8%) also contained Wolbachia supergroup F (Alphaproteobacteria), suggesting a facultative symbiosis. Likelihood-based ancestral character mapping revealed that, initially, obligate symbionts exhibited association with host-specific Nycterophilia bat flies that use a broad temperature range of cave environments for pupal development. As this mutualism evolved, the temperature range of bat flies narrowed to an exclusive use of hot caves, which was followed by a secondary broadening of the bat flies' host associations. These results suggest that the symbiosis has influenced the environmental tolerance of parasite life history stages. Furthermore, the contingent change to an expanded host range of Nycterophilia bat flies upon narrowing the ecological niche of their developmental stages suggests that altered environmental tolerance across life history stages may be a crucial factor in shaping parasite-host relationships.

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“…For the purpose of this publication, we designated these specimens Nycterophilia cf. coxata (29). Lastly, clade E comprised a single specimen of N. natali from Natalus stramineus subsp.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analyses (I) Nycterophiliinae (Invertebrate Homentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Like It Hot: Evolution and Ecology of Novel Endosymbionts in Bat Flies of Cave-Roosting Bats (Hippoboscoidea, Nycterophiliinae)

Morse

Dick

Patterson

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Second, we hypothesized that bats with more ectoparasites would harbor more viruses, as high parasite load and failure to groom have been shown previously to indicate illness or lowered immunity of hosts [47,48,49]. Third, we hypothesized that females and reproductively active individuals would have higher viral richness, as host sex [38,39] and reproductive status [46,50] have demonstrated impacts on viral infection in a diversity of host systems. Fourth, we hypothesized that bats roosting in the larger cave would have higher viral richness, due to greater host diversity and abundance in the larger cave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, host sex likely effects pathogen diversity. Indeed, the role of host sex has shown female-biased effects on ectoparasite and macro-parasite infection in Puerto Rican bats [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accounting for imperfect detection reveals role of host traits in structuring viral diversity of a wild bat community

Sjodin

Anthony

Willig

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractUnderstanding how multi-scale host heterogeneity affects viral community assembly can illuminate ecological drivers of infection and host-switching. Yet, such studies are hindered by imperfect viral detection. To address this issue, we used a community occupancy model – refashioned for the hierarchical nature of molecular-detection methods – to account for failed detection when examining how individual-level host traits affect herpesvirus richness in eight species of wild bats. We then used model predictions to examine the role of host sex and species identity on viral diversity at the levels of host individual, population, and community. Results demonstrate that cPCR and viral sequencing failed to perfectly detect viral presence. Nevertheless, model estimates correcting for imperfect detection show that reproductively active bats, especially reproductively active females, have significantly higher viral richness, and host sex and species identity interact to affect viral richness. Further, host sex significantly affects viral turnover across host populations, as females host more heterogeneous viral communities than do males. Results suggest models of viral ecology benefit from integration of multi-scale host factors, with implications for bat conservation and epidemiology. Furthermore, by accounting for imperfect detection in laboratory assays, we demonstrate how statistical models developed for other purposes hold promising possibilities for molecular and epidemiological applications.

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“…For example, gender differences in parasite infestation have not been found in some host-parasite associations (Gummer et al 1997 ;Wirsing et al 2007). Indeed, female-biased parasitism was found to be a rule in some hosts (e.g., bats ; Patterson et al 2008 ;Krichbaum et al 2009) and has also been observed in host taxa which are usually characterized by male-biased parasitism (e.g., rodents; Krasnov et al 2005). Indeed, female-biased parasitism was found to be a rule in some hosts (e.g., bats ; Patterson et al 2008 ;Krichbaum et al 2009) and has also been observed in host taxa which are usually characterized by male-biased parasitism (e.g., rodents; Krasnov et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial variation in gender-biased parasitism: host-related, parasite-related and environment-related effects

Krasnov

Matthee

2010

Parasitology

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The gender-biased pattern of parasite infestation has been shown to be a complicated phenomenon that cannot be explained by a single mechanism but rather involves several different mechanisms. We asked what are the factors that affect the manifestation and extent of gender-biased parasitism and studied the relationship between parasite-related (mean abundance, mean species richness and total species richness of all parasites), host-related (rodent density and proportion of reproductive males and females both separately and together) and environment-related (mean daily maximal and minimal temperatures, rainfall and relative humidity) factors and the magnitude of gender-biased infestation of a South African rodent Rhabdomys pumilio by ixodid ticks, gamasid mites, lice and fleas. We found that spatial variation in gender differences in parasite infestation was affected by parasite-, host- and environment-related factors, although the set of factors affecting gender differences in infestation differed among higher taxa of ectoparasites. Gender differences in infestation by fleas and lice were affected mainly by parasite-related factors, whereas gender differences in infestation by ticks and, in part, by mites were affected mainly by host-related and environmental factors. In addition, spatial variation in most measures of gender difference in mite infestation remained unexplained.

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Host-Parasite Interactions of Tropical Bats in Puerto Rico

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Some Like It Hot: Evolution and Ecology of Novel Endosymbionts in Bat Flies of Cave-Roosting Bats (Hippoboscoidea, Nycterophiliinae)

Some Like It Hot: Evolution and Ecology of Novel Endosymbionts in Bat Flies of Cave-Roosting Bats (Hippoboscoidea, Nycterophiliinae)

Accounting for imperfect detection reveals role of host traits in structuring viral diversity of a wild bat community

Spatial variation in gender-biased parasitism: host-related, parasite-related and environment-related effects

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