Host-parasite relationships of some Thelohania from mosquitoes (Nosematidae: Microsporidia)

Kellen, William R.; Chapman, H. C.; Clark, T. B.; Lindegren, James E.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(65)90030-3

Cited by 88 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…This is because an infection which grows rapidly comes close to K(t) before dK/dt K = m and it will kill the host approximately at the same time, disregarding when the infection started. Consistent with this prediction is that for some parasites of holometabolic insects it has been reported that they kill the host in the last larval stage, shortly before the host pupates (Kellen et al 1965).…”

Section: (A) the Effect Of Limited Resources For The Parasitesupporting

confidence: 68%

Optimal killing for obligate killers: the evolution of life histories and virulence of semelparous parasites

Ebert

Weisser

1997

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

136

137

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SUMMARYMany viral, bacterial and protozoan parasites of invertebrates first propagate inside their host without releasing any transmission stages and then kill their host to release all transmission stages at once. Life history and the evolution of virulence of these obligately killing parasites are modelled, assuming that within-host growth is density dependent. We find that the parasite should kill the host when its per capita growth rate falls to the level of the host mortality rate. The parasite should kill its host later when the carrying capacity, K, is higher, but should kill it earlier when the parasite-independent host mortality increases or when the parasite has a higher birth rate. When K(t), for parasite growth, is not constant over the duration of an infection, but increases with time, the parasite should kill the host around the stage when the growth rate of the carrying capacity decelerates strongly. In case that K(t) relates to host body size, this deceleration in growth is around host maturation.

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Section: (A) the Effect Of Limited Resources For The Parasitesupporting

confidence: 68%

Optimal killing for obligate killers: the evolution of life histories and virulence of semelparous parasites

Ebert

Weisser

1997

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

136

137

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“…It was first described in mosquitoes, associated with pathogenic activity of microsporidian symbionts. These symbionts are commonly vertically transmitted through females, and a subset of these are also pathological to male hosts during the fourth larval instar (Kellen et al 1965;Hurst 1991). Spore transmission occurs through the aquatic phase and commonly requires a secondary host (e.g., copepod) (Andreadis 1991).…”

Section: Incompatibility Associated With Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Parasitism: Maternally Inherited Symbionts in a Biparental World

Hurst

Frost

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

135

146

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Most species of insect, and many other plants and animals, carry maternally heritable microorganisms-viruses, bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, and fungi that pass from a female host to her progeny. Maternal inheritance establishes a correlation between the fitness of symbiont and host female, which can select for the symbiont to contribute to host fitness. Nevertheless, its lack of transmission through male hosts places the symbiont in conflict with biparentally inherited nuclear genes. In this review, we first examine how this conflict is manifest in selection to promote the production and survival of infected female hosts and gametes. We then examine how the distorted population sex ratios that they produce may affect host reproductive ecology, and thus the intensity of other conflicts associated with sexual reproduction. Finally, we examine evolved host responses to symbiont manipulation. We argue that the unusual intensity of symbiont-host conflict generates extreme selection pressures that can drive changes in sex-determination systems, the basic pathway through which males and females are constructed.

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“…Transovarian passage of microsporidia infections in mosquitoes has been observed by Kellen and Wills (1962b), Kellen et al (1965), Kudo (1962, and by Wills and Beaudoin (1965). Evidence for this has been in finding infected larvae which had been laboratory-reared from egg rafts in clean water.…”

Section: Transovarian Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Rates of infection reported by Jenkins (1964) and by Kellen et (1965), Wills and Beaudoin (1965), Kellen et al (1966), and Anderson (1968) averaged 10% and ranged from one to 80%. Two-thirds of the infection levels were less than 10%.…”

Section: Levels Of Natural Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(1965) Examples of these four host-parasite relationships were also found in Louisiana between Thelohania and 14 mosquito species, indicating that their existence may be universal It is noteworthy that Culiseta inornata was involved in a Type III relationship in both California and Louisiana. Kellen et al (1965) concluded that transovarial transmission was the major route for infection in Types I and II, and that ingestion of spores was more important in Type III. The relative roles of these two methods for re-infection was not known for the Type IV relationship.…”

Section: Transovarian Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental factors and the natural occurrence of microsporidian-infected mosquito larvae

Larson

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Host-parasite relationships of some Thelohania from mosquitoes (Nosematidae: Microsporidia)

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Optimal killing for obligate killers: the evolution of life histories and virulence of semelparous parasites

Optimal killing for obligate killers: the evolution of life histories and virulence of semelparous parasites

Reproductive Parasitism: Maternally Inherited Symbionts in a Biparental World

Environmental factors and the natural occurrence of microsporidian-infected mosquito larvae

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