HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION STUDY IN MALFORMED AFFECTED TISSUES OF <i>MANGIFERA INDICA</i> L.

Abstract

The malformation disease of mango by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinan is one of the major causes of huge economical loss every year. Early diagnosis of the pathogens can help cultivators to protect the mango orchid and fruits from successive and secondary infection. The molecular detection is one of the better choices among available techniques for diagnosis. But the farmers or individual cultivars from tropical and subtropical countries like India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, have lots of limitation to use molecular method. Another problem with this pathogen is lack of specific biomarker. Thus the present study was designed to develop a morphological and histopathological methodology to detect Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans and its host-pathogen interaction between fungus and hot tissues. Fresh and preserved (Formaldehyde: Acetic Acid: Alcohol (FAA) solution) tissues were used to check the efficacy of the method. The inter and intracellular distribution of fungal hyphae, in various tissue like cortex, phloem and parenchymatous pith cell, was clearly revealed by this method. The characteristics which were observed like detection of the mycelium threads at the juncture of the shoot tip, axillary buds, petels and sepals axis of the malformed or infected tissues. The Resin accumulation in the parenchymatous and other cells of vegetative tissue was also found as characteristics of this pathogen infection. This study is being also important in terms of identification and growth behavior of the pathogen.

Identification and characterization of Fusarium mangiferae as pathogen of mango malformation in India

“…The gathering of stubby leaves into close folds similar to incipient bunchy top met under natural normal conditions, which is in accordance with previous workers [9,32] on pathogenicity. Early and easy disease detection of F. mangiferae is necessary for effective and timely management of mango malformation.…”

“…subglutinans) isolated from floral and vegetative malformed tissues [8] as evidenced by cultural and morphological data. Histopathological studies of floral and vegetative tissues confirmed the association of F. mangiferae [9] . According to recent classification, F. subglutinans now registered as F. mangiferae causing mango malformation disease [6,[10][11][12][13] .…”

Mango anthracnose integrated management

“…[3][4][5] The fungus is reported as a pathogen that affects leaves, inflorescences and fruits in pre and post harvest. In the postharvest phase, anthracnose is reported to cause losses of 5 to 20% 6 and the use of synthetic chemical fungicides and treatment with hot water at 52±2 °C for 10 min have been suggested to minimize damage to mango fruits. 7,8 As well as the use of natural and biodegradable biofungicides, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and phenylacetaldehyde, for the control of anthracnose disease in mango after harvest.…”

Effect of some growth regulators and systemic copper complexes on reducing floral malformation, yield and quality of "Alphonse" mango (Mangifera indica L. )

“…In general, higher levels of auxins were found in healthy panicles of mango as compared to malformed panicles, also in addition to the lower levels of lAA in affected tissues and enlarged. Accordingly, it has been suggested by Kumar et al (2013) that, the deformation may be due to the low level of auxins, which leads to hormonal imbalance. The use of chemicals as a foliar application has been shown to be effective in reducing mango deformation disease, as it may delay or advance the onset of flowering (Sanjay et al 2018).…”