Host–Pathogen Interactions between Xanthomonas fragariae and Its Host Fragaria × ananassa Investigated with a Dual RNA-Seq Analysis

Abstract

Strawberry is economically important and widely grown, but susceptible to a large variety of phytopathogenic organisms. Among them, Xanthomonas fragariae is a quarantine bacterial pathogen threatening strawberry productions by causing angular leaf spots. Using whole transcriptome sequencing, the gene expression of both plant and bacteria in planta was analyzed at two time points, 12 and 29 days post inoculation, in order to compare the pathogen and host response between the stages of early visible and of well-developed symptoms. Among 28,588 known genes in strawberry and 4046 known genes in X. fragariae expressed at both time points, a total of 361 plant and 144 bacterial genes were significantly differentially expressed, respectively. The identified higher expressed genes in the plants were pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors and pathogenesis-related thaumatin encoding genes, whereas the more expressed early genes were related to chloroplast metabolism as well as photosynthesis related coding genes. Most X. fragariae genes involved in host interaction, recognition, and pathogenesis were lower expressed at late-phase infection. This study gives a first insight into the interaction of X. fragariae with its host. The strawberry plant changed gene expression in order to consistently adapt its metabolism with the progression of infection.

In Planta Transcriptome and Proteome Profiles of Spongospora subterranea in Resistant and Susceptible Host Environments Illuminates Regulatory Principles Underlying Host–Pathogen Interaction

“…The complete list of identified and annotated transcripts is provided as Supplementary Table S3 . The number of identified genes from S. subterranea in this study exceeded what has been reported in other in planta transcriptome analysis of plant pathogens [ 12 , 26 , 27 ]. According to the hierarchical clustering (sample-to-sample distances) of all six samples ( Figure 2 A) and principal component analysis (PCA) ( Figure 2 B), our RNA-seq approach was sensitive enough to capture S. subterranea transcriptome differences between the biological replicates.…”

Xanthomonas transcriptome inside cauliflower hydathodes reveals bacterial virulence strategies and physiological adaptations at early infection stages

“…Indeed, most transcriptomic studies in Xcc or other Xanthomonas species have so far been performed in vitro focusing on specific regulons of the hrpG and hrpX genes in hrp‐ inducing media, of the prc protease gene, of the DSF‐mediated quorum‐sensing system, or of the gum genes responsible for xanthan production (Alkhateeb et al, 2016 ; An et al, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Jalan et al, 2013 ; Kim et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Liao et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2013 ; Noh et al, 2016 ; Schmidtke et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ). Only a few in planta transcriptomic analyses have been performed on Xanthomonas (Getaz et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Liao et al, 2019 ) and all at late stages of infection and/or in comparison to in vitro‐grown bacteria. Such in planta transcriptomic approaches would help identify new pathogenic behaviours and adaptation to the host during the infection process and in the different tissues colonized.…”

Functional Identification of Arthrinium phaeospermum Effectors Related to Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis Shoot Blight

“…This technology has been widely used in the study of interactions between host plants and pathogens; the powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi pathogen and the host plant Medicago truncatula [ 19 ], the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola (Xoc) pathogen and the host plant rice [ 20 ], the Aspergillus flavus pathogen and the host plant Zea mays [ 21 ], the Xanthomonas fragaria pathogen and the host plant strawberry [ 22 ], and the Heterobasidion annosum s.l. pathogen and the host plant Norway spring [ 23 ] were sequenced by dual-seq.…”

“…In addition, the interaction transcriptome sequencing analysis at 12 and 29 days after the strawberry was infected by X. fragariae showed that the genes related to chloroplast metabolism and photosynthesis were highly expressed in the host plants in the early stage of infection, and the genes involved in host recognition and self-pathogenesis were relatively low in the pathogens in the late stage of infection. This evidence indicates the coevolution process in the interaction between pathogen and host [ 22 ]. This provides a reference and basis for the study of dual-seq in different stages of hybrid bamboo infection by Arthrinium phaeospermum .…”