Host-Pathogen Interactions inCampylobacterInfections: the Host Perspective

Abstract

SUMMARY Campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. This study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against Campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. Analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune system is crucial for the host defense against Campylobacter infection. Innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immune responses are induced during Campylobacter infection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms in conferring protective immunity against reinfection is unclear. Frequent exposure to Campylobacter does lead to the induction of short-term protection against disease but most probably not against colonization. Recent progress in the development of more suitable animal models for studying Campylobacter infection has opened up possibilities to study the importance of innate and adaptive immunity during infection and in protection against reinfection. In addition, advances in genomics and proteomics technologies will enable more detailed molecular studies. Such studies combined with better integration of host and pathogen research driven by epidemiological findings may truly advance our understanding of Campylobacter infection in humans.

Drinking water as the source ofCampylobacter coliinfection in grandparent heavy breeders

“…The most common species reported is Campylobacter jejuni (80 to 90% of cases) (Janssen et al, 2008) followed by Campylobacter coli (18.6%) (Gü rtler et al, 2005). Chicken products remain the primary source of infection (Vellinga & Van Loock, 2002;Kapperud et al, 2003).…”

Subclinical infection and asymptomatic carriage of gastrointestinal zoonoses: occupational exposure, environmental pathways, and the anonymous spread of disease

“…Genetic factors can also alter innate immunity, e.g. the heterogeneous condition hypogammaglobulinaemia can lead to repeated infection and prolonged symptoms from a range of pathogens, including zoonoses [58].…”

PerR controls oxidative stress defence and aerotolerance but not motility-associated phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni

“…This, together with its link to neurodegenerative diseases like Guillain-Barré syndrome, makes it both a public health and economic problem (Janssen et al, 2008;McCarthy et al, 2012;Poropatich et al, 2010). C. jejuni requires microaerobic conditions (3-15 % O 2 and 3-10 % CO 2 ) for growth in laboratory conditions, but the organism is known to survive for extended periods in nonpermissive atmospheric conditions, which are encountered during transmission and infection (Hazeleger et al, 1998).…”