Host Plant Resistance Genes for Fusarium Head Blight: Mapping and Manipulation with Molecular Markers

Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.)], or scab, causes severe reductions in yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Evaluation of FHB resistance is laborious and subject to environmental influence; therefore, molecular markers for FHB resistance genes will greatly enhance selection for FHB resistance. This review seeks to summarize information on molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to FHB in wheat and barley and the use of those markers for marker assisted selection. Our goal is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the genetics of FHB resistance, the map locations of QTL for FHB resistance, and the future directions and potential applications of this research. In wheat, five types of resistance have been described, and Type II resistance (expressed in Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3) is the easiest type to assess. Several research groups are developing molecular markers associated with genes for FHB resistance from Sumai 3, a widely used source of Type II resistance in wheat breeding programs worldwide. In four different populations, each having Sumai 3 or a derivative as one parent, one to four QTL have been identified that explain up to 63% of the variation in resistance. QTL were identified on chromosomes 3BS and 6BL in three or more populations. Recently, in barley, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers associated with genes for FHB resistance, deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation, and kernel discoloration were identified on all seven chromosomes. Three regions, located on chromosomes 2, 3, and 5 were identified in several mapping populations. Comparing the QTL locations between wheat and barley shows that the barley chromosome 3 QTL is located in a syntenous region in wheat. The following areas of research on molecular markers associated with FHB resistance should be emphasized: (i) identifying and mapping better resistance sources in wheat and barley; (ii) validating QTL in additional populations; and (iii) developing markers that can be easily used in breeding programs and across populations.

Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Low Deoxynivalenol Content in Hexaploid Wheat Population from ‘Arina’ and NK93604

“…Although the correlations between resistance ratings using different Fusarium species have been moderate to high (0.61 # r # 0.97; P , 0.01; Mesterhazy et al, 2005), use of different Fusarium species might still have contributed to differences in the two studies. Furthermore, the number of genes segregating in mapping populations may also vary depending on genetic backgrounds and the magnitude of the difference in resistance between parents (Kolb et al, 2001).…”

“…FHB resistance is quantitatively inherited and controlled by either major or minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs). QTLs for FHB resistance have been reported in all hexaploid wheat chromosomes except 1A Kolb et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2005). Kolb et al (2001) proposed several reasons for differences among reports on the location of FHB resistance genes including, among others, the type and sources of resistance studied by different research groups, and the variation in techniques employed for phenotypic evaluation (point inoculation versus spray inoculation).…”

“…QTLs for FHB resistance have been reported in all hexaploid wheat chromosomes except 1A Kolb et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2005). Kolb et al (2001) proposed several reasons for differences among reports on the location of FHB resistance genes including, among others, the type and sources of resistance studied by different research groups, and the variation in techniques employed for phenotypic evaluation (point inoculation versus spray inoculation). Spray inoculation tends to detect both resistances to initial infection (Type I) and to spread within the tissues (Type II), whereas point inoculation tends to demonstrate Type II resistance only.…”

Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Huangcandou × ‘Jagger’ Wheat Population

“…QTLs in many other Chinese sources, especially landraces including HCD, are not well characterized. Thus, it is essential to evaluate FHB resistance repeatedly in different seasons and environments to improve the repeatability of QTL detection (Kolb et al, 2001). In HCD × Jagger, the frequency to FHB resistance.…”

Controlling fusarium head blight of wheat (triticum aestivum L.) with genetics

“…Several review articles on wheat FHB have been published with different foci, including conventional breeding and FHB resistance improvement [1,3,[6][7][8], the occurrence scope and the significance of mycotoxins [9,10], the interaction mechanisms between host and pathogens [11], molecular markers for FHB resistance genetics [12], an alien gene library for enhancing resistance [13], and the main available Quantitative traits loci (QTL) [14,15]. To date, there has been no review of the methods for quickly and accurately evaluating genetic resistance or for effectively developing new FHB-resistant lines for wheat breeding.…”