Host plant resistance to insects attacking soybean and mungbean in the tropics

Abstract

In the tropics, insect pests cause considerable damage to soybean, Glycine max and mungbean, Vigna radiata from germination until harvest and even in storage. Agromyzid flies in the seedling stage, lepidopterous and coleopterous defoliators in the vegetative and early reproductive stages, pentatomid and coreid bugs and lepidopterous pod-borers in the reproductive stage, and bruchids in storage all cause significant damage. Sources of resistance to agromyzids in mungbean (AVRDC accession V 4281), defoliators (PI 171451, PI 227687, PI 229358) and stink bugs (PI 227687 and PI 171444) in soybean, and bruchids in mungbean (V 2164) are available. In most cases, antibiosis appears to be the major mechanism of resistance. These sources are being exploited in the development of agromyzid-resistant mungbean, defoliator-and stink bug-resistant soybean, and bruchid-resistant mungbean at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC). Diversity in insect species within a pest complex and, in certain cases, biotypes of single pest at different locations as well as pest ecology are likely to influence the resistance reaction and, in practical terms, the utilization of pest resistance as a tool in the management of insect pests of soybean and mungbean. Greater efforts are required at local level to fully utilize insect pest resistant germplasm. Resume-Dansles tropiques, les ravageurs peuvent occasionner des degats considerables sur soja {Glycine max) et haricot mungo (Vigna radiata) depuis le semis jusqu'a la recolte et meme pendant le stockage. Des degats substantiels peuvent etre occasionnes par les mouches de la famille Agromyzidae au stade plantule, les lepidopteres et coleopteres defoliateurs pendant le stade vegetatif et le debut du stade reproductif, les punaises (Pentatomidae et Coreidae) et les lepidopteres s'attaquant aux gousses pendant le stade reproductif, et les bruches pendant le stockage. II existe des sources de resistance aux mouches Agromyzidae (Entree de l'AVRDC No V 4281), et aux bruches (V 2164) chez le haricot mungo, et aux defoliateurs (PI 171451, PI 227687, PI 223358) et punaises (PI 227687 et PI 171444) chez le soja.Dans la plupart des cas, la resistance semble etre due a un mecanisme d'antibiose. Les sources de resistance sont actuellement exploitees a l'AVRDC en vue de developper des lignees de haricot mungo resistantes aux mouches Agromyzidae et aux bruches et de lignees de soja resistantes aux insectes defoliateurs et aux punaises. La diversite des especes d'insectes au sein d'un complexe de ravageurs et dans certains cas, de biotypes d'une meme espece ainsi que l'ecologie des differentes especes risque d'influencer la reaction de resistance, et par consequent, l'utilisation de la resistance varietale comme moyen de lutte contre les ravageurs du soja et du haricot mungo. Des efforts accriis au niveau local sont necessaires en vue d'utiliser pleinement le germplasme resistant aux ravageurs.

The Management of Cowpea Weevils [(Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)] in Cowpea Seeds by Using Ash and Sand

“…The use of ashes is an aordable pest management strategy, especially at subsistence level where only a small quantity of cowpea grains needs to be protected. In addition, ashes are non toxic, easily biodegradable, non pollutive and are known to be economically and environmentally acceptable to a majority of resource poor farmers in developing countries (Talekar 1987;Stoll 1988).…”

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the soybean pod borer: insights into larval transcriptional response to transgenic soybean expressing the pesticidal Cry1Ac protein

“…The most severe outbreaks tend to be in the northeastern Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces, which coincides with areas where approximately two-thirds of soybeans are grown in China [53], making L. glycinivorella a primary pest of this crop. Although foliar insecticides are applied, effective contact and reduction in feeding damage is difficult to achieve due to protection of larva under G. max leaf canopies and within pods [54]. Use of systemic insecticides can lead to more consistent reductions in L. glycinivorella feeding damage, but ecological concerns limit their use especially given evidence of impacts on pollinator health [55].…”

Influence of Maize and Soybean Intercropping Patterns on major Insect Pests and yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) in South Eastern Nigeria

“…have been reported on soybeans (Ezueh & Dina, 1979;Jackai et al 1985). Defoliators reduce yields and the extent of losses depends on the level of defoliation and the growth stage of the soybean plant (Talekar, 1987). Thomas et al (1974) and Thomas (1985) reported that removal of one-third of the leaves at seed development stage caused 13.8% (= 395 kg/ha) and 22.8% (= 661 kg/ha) yield reductions, respectively.…”