Host Plant Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): The Role of Epicuticular Wax on Pod and Leaf Surfaces

Nyadanu, Daniel; Akromah, R.; Adomako, B.; Kwoseh, C.; Dzahini-Obiatey, H.; Lowor, S. T.; Akrofi, A. Y.; Assuah, M.K.

doi:10.3923/ijb.2012.13.21

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…; Nyadanu et al . ). Therefore, a detached leaf assay was performed to assess the ability of the bacteria and their cell‐free spent media to mitigate Phytophthora symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization ofPseudomonas chlororaphisfromTheobroma cacaoL. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity againstPhytophthora palmivora(Butler)

et al. 2015

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“…; Nyadanu et al . ). Therefore, a detached leaf assay was performed to assess the ability of the bacteria and their cell‐free spent media to mitigate Phytophthora symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization ofPseudomonas chlororaphisfromTheobroma cacaoL. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity againstPhytophthora palmivora(Butler)

et al. 2015

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“…The mechanisms of spore germination and pre-infection processes in contrasting resistance cacao genotypes has been analyzed [ 57 ]. Furthermore, the topography of the epicuticular wax layer [ 58 ], the short glandular secreting trichomes and the importance of water-soluble components of the phylloplane [ 31 ] have also been analyzed. M. perniciosa tends to have a relatively short epiphytic phase [ 31 , 59 ] and requires few or no exogenous nutrients in this phase [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Witches’ broom resistant genotype CCN51 shows greater diversity of symbiont bacteria in its phylloplane than susceptible genotype catongo

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTheobroma cacao L. (cacao) is a perennial tropical tree, endemic to rainforests of the Amazon Basin. Large populations of bacteria live on leaf surfaces and these phylloplane microorganisms can have important effects on plant health. In recent years, the advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has greatly facilitated studies of the phylloplane microbiome. In this study, we characterized the bacterial microbiome of the phylloplane of the catongo genotype (susceptible to witch’s broom) and CCN51 (resistant). Bacterial microbiome was determined by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.ResultsAfter the pre-processing, a total of 1.7 million reads were considered. In total, 106 genera of bacteria were characterized. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in both genotypes. The exclusive genera of Catongo showed activity in the protection against UV radiation and in the transport of substrates. CCN51 presented genus that act in the biological control and inhibition in several taxonomic groups. Genotype CCN51 presented greater diversity of microorganisms in comparison to the Catongo genotype and the total community was different between both. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of leaves revealed that on the phylloplane, many bacterial occur in large aggregates in several regions of the surface and isolated nearby to the stomata.ConclusionsWe describe for the first time the phylloplane bacterial communities of T. cacao. The Genotype CCN51, resistant to the witch’s broom, has a greater diversity of bacterial microbioma in comparison to Catongo and a greater amount of exclusive microorganisms in the phylloplane with antagonistic action against phytopathogens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1339-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, groups already identified wax accumulation by inhibitor of rust germ tube differentiation1 (IRG1), upon mutation reduced hydrophobicity on the surface of the host fails to promote pre-infection structures of Phakospora pachyrhizi (P. pachyrhizi) and Puccinia emaculata (P. emaculata) as well as epicuticular wax deposition also provides resistance against host and nonhost pathogens (Nyadanu et al 2012;Uppalapati et al 2012).…”

Section: Insight Into Non-host Disease Resistance Genes In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of nonhost resistance genes in disease resistance plausible for future crop improvement

Sultan

Dalei

Singh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A plant species is infected by handful of pathogenic organism despite the fact that it is constantly exposed to innumerable pathogens. The chemical anti-bio agents exploited against these pathogens were harmful to environment and human health as well. So the only alternative way is to grow disease resistant varieties of crops by introducing resistant (R) genes. However, new pathogenic races evolve constantly and are notorious for their ability to withstand race specific resistance mediated by R-genes . Plants deploy robust, broad-spectrum and durable resistance mechanisms called nonhost resistance (NHR) against most pathogenic organisms. Such disease resistance mechanisms are nonspecific and effective against all nonhost or non-adaptive pathogens. The NHR defence response includes production of phytoalexins and other antimicrobial compounds, hypersensitive response by rapid localized cell death, deposition of callose and expression of pathogenesis related genes at the site of infection that restricts further growth of pathogen. Although NHR has immense potential to improve crop production in agriculture, very little is known about the mechanism of NHR and its genetic pathways at molecular level. Detail knowledge about the NHR genes from a nonhost plant and engineering the NHR gene into the host plant will be helpful in making broad-spectrum and durable disease resistant crops. In this mini review, we report the list of NHR genes and their function against various phytopathogens. We further report a method to identify or map putative NHR gene/s in Arabidopsis against soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae nonhost with a goal to improve disease resistance in crop species.

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Host Plant Resistance to Phytophthora Pod Rot in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): The Role of Epicuticular Wax on Pod and Leaf Surfaces

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization ofPseudomonas chlororaphisfromTheobroma cacaoL. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity againstPhytophthora palmivora(Butler)

Characterization ofPseudomonas chlororaphisfromTheobroma cacaoL. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity againstPhytophthora palmivora(Butler)

Witches’ broom resistant genotype CCN51 shows greater diversity of symbiont bacteria in its phylloplane than susceptible genotype catongo

Involvement of nonhost resistance genes in disease resistance plausible for future crop improvement

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