Host Pubescence and the Behavior and Performance of the Butterfly &lt;I&gt;Papilio Troilus&lt;/I&gt; (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Haddad, Nick M.; Hicks, William M.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x(2000)029[0299:hpatba]2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Plant surfaces covered with wax crystals are slippery and inaccessible substrates for many arthropod species (Stork 1980b(Stork , 1986Jeffree 1986;Juniper 1995;Eigenbrode 1996;Brennan and Weinbaum 2001;Gorb 2002, 2006b;Müller 2006). The impact of plant trichomes on herbivores was previously reported for representatives of several arthropod families (in particular Chrysomelidae, Aphididae, Aleurodidae, Cicadellidae, Sphingidae, Noctuidae, Tetranychidae), based mainly on the presence of trichomes (Lee et al 1986;Haddad and Hicks 2000), their density (e.g. Fordyce and Agrawal 2001;Kowalewski and Robinson 1978;Zvereva et al 1998;Rudgers et al 2004), shape (Andres and Connor 2003), length (Hoxie et al 1975;Hoffmann and McEvoy 1985;Dalin et al 2004), and glandular function (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Plant surface–bug interactions: Dicyphus errans stalking along trichomes

Voigt¹,

Gorb²,

Gorb³

2007

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

107

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In contrast to many arthropods whose locomotion on plant surfaces is impeded by trichomes, the omnivorous mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) lives on pubescent plants and preys on a variety of phytophagous arthropods. Morphological (slim body, long slender legs, elongated curved claws) and behavioural (locomotion) adaptations to hairy plant substrates result in higher predation effectiveness and fecundity, as well as a shorter developmental cycle of the bug compared to insects on plants without trichomes. To understand the bug-plant interactions from the biomechanical point of view, the bug's attachment system and the leaf surfaces of various plant species were analysed. Bug attachment ability was estimated in an inversion experiment on the adaxial and abaxial sides of leaves in 40 plant species. Furthermore, bug traction forces on the abaxial leaf side of 14 plant species were measured. Morphometrical variables of trichomes and the adhesive properties of plant surfaces were estimated. The bugs' traction force ranged from 0.07 mN on Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae) to 1.21 mN on Plectranthus ambiguus (Lamiaceae) and Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). Bugs performed considerably better on hairy surfaces where a significant positive correlation between the force and both the trichome length and diameter was found. The trichome density and aspect ratio did not influence the force. Adhesion properties of plant surfaces covered with trichomes may also significantly impede the traction force. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that hairy plants provide a more suitable environment for D. errans than either smooth ones or those covered with wax crystals. Hairy plant surfaces are predicted to support stronger attachment and therefore more reliable locomotion of the bug.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Plant surface–bug interactions: Dicyphus errans stalking along trichomes

Voigt¹,

Gorb²,

Gorb³

2007

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

107

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“…In other cases, the plant is suitable for the larvae, but the females do not use this plant in oviposition as when hairiness of silkbay bay leaves ( Persea humilis ; Scriber & Margraf, 2005) and sassafras ( S. albidum ; Haddad & Hicks, 2000), hinder oviposition and/or larval growth. Although paper birch, Betula papyrifera , which extends across Canada into Alaska, is excellent for neonate larval survival and growth, it is not oviposited upon by Callosamia promethea moths (possibly due to leaf fuzz, Scriber, 1983).…”

Section: Preference–performance Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the close phylogenetic relationships (and similar volatile leaf chemicals) of the ancient Australian Monimiaceae and Winteraceae with the Lauraceae, their leaves are unsuitable (repellent or toxic) for the Lauraceae specialists, P. troilus and P. palamedes . Hairy varieties of Lauraceae may hinder larval growth or female oviposition on the underside of leaves (Haddad & Hicks, 2000; Scriber & Margraf, 2005). Although some of the Lauraceae assayed in Australia (namely, Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya, Endiandra and Neolitsea species) were uneaten and thus unsuitable for neonate growth and survival, P. troilus did unsuccessfully attempt to feed on one Litsea and two Cinnamomum species (Scriber et al , 2008b).…”

Section: Update On the Global Latitudinal Gradients (Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect–plant interactions: Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

Scriber

2010

Insect Science

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The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect–plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical (low‐latitude) plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host‐specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities (and loss of these abilities with specialization), host‐associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological (including “hybrid”) speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of “species borders” for swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae). From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae (swallowtail butterflies) have provided a model for enhanced understanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic (thermal) environment interacts with host nutrirional suitability to generate “voltinism/suitability” gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species‐level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead‐ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect–plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious, with simple definitions still debated. However, molecular analyses combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies, have already begun to unveil some answers for many important ecological/evolutionary questions.

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“…Pubescence traits can mediate various aspects of the plantÐ herbivore interaction, including herbivore attraction to the host plant (Southwood 1986), adult attachment and/or oviposition (Callahan 1957, Webster et al 1975, Roberts et al 1979, Robinson et al 1980, Gannon et al 1994, Haddad and Hicks 2000, Malakar and Tingey 2000, egg survival (Poos andSmith 1931, Schillinger andGallun 1968), insect growth (Lambert et al 1992, Malakar andTingey 2000), insect movement (Webster et al 1975, Eisner et al 1998, Zvereva et al 1998, insect survival (Gilbert 1971, Eisner et al 1998, Haddad and Hicks 2000, and pupal mass (Malakar and Tingey 2000). However, far from being a general defense, the effect of pubescence may be positive, negative, or nonexistent, depending on the particular herbivore species (Southwood 1986, Hare andElle 2002) and the leaf hair type (glandular or nonglandular), density, and length (Andres and Connor 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%