Host-related DNA sequences are localized in the body of schistosome adults

Irie, Y; Iwamura, Yukio

doi:10.1017/s0031182000068098

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The sequences included those for a number of mouse retroviruses. Recently, these findings were verified by Irie & Iwamura (1993) who demonstrated the retrovirus sequences in the subtegumental layer and inner tissues of S. japonicum adults. The authors concluded that the DNA sequences might be incorporated into the schistosome genome during development in the final host, and discussed their results relative to the phenomena of antigenic masking and antigenic mimicry.…”

Section: Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Physiological bases for parasite-induced alterations of host behaviour

1994

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Parasitism is defined in various ways as an intimate relationship in which one partner, the parasite, lives on or in another, the host, generally at the expense of the latter. Parasitism commonly results in a unique array of host physiological responses and adaptations. Most studies of the physiological effects of parasitism have focused on the pathological consequence of infection and disease. While many physiological changes contribute to pathogenesis, it is now recognized that parasitic infections at sub-clinical levels also produce physiological effects that either ameliorate or may not contribute to the disease process. Moreover, these physiological changes are often manifested by altered host behaviour. Behavioural studies have enabled an ecological- and evolutionary-oriented evaluation of host responses. In this fashion, physiological effects may be assessed as to whether they affect fitness and confer benefit or harm to one or both of the symbionts involved. We briefly examine how these physiological responses, specifically neural, endocrine, neuromodulatory, and immunomodulatory components, may interact to modify host behaviors. We consider the adaptiveness of these responses and how the behavioural patterns elicited may simultaneously appear adaptive for the parasite as well as the host. In addition, we address how parasite-host physiological and behavioural interactions may be altered during the course of parasitism.

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Section: Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Physiological bases for parasite-induced alterations of host behaviour

1994

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“…(56,62) There are reports of major genome rearrangements occurring during the schistosome life cycle, (63) and it has been suggested that retroviruses could transfer host genes, including those for major histocompatibility antigens, to the schistosome, which then expresses them for immune avoidance. (64,65) Such findings are disputed by other workers (66) and the situation remains to be finally clarified although retrotransposons are known to be present. (67) In addition, natural, hybridisation of schistosome species is a well-documented phenomenon, (68) and there is preliminary evidence for gene transfer between species.…”

Section: Genome Organization In the Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genomics and the biology of parasites

Johnston¹,

Blaxter²,

Degrave³

et al. 1999

Bioessays

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Despite the advances of modern medicine, the threat of chronic illness, disfigurement, or death that can result from parasitic infection still affects the majority of the world population, retarding economic development. For most parasitic diseases, current therapeutics often leave much to be desired in terms of administration regime, toxicity, or effectiveness and potential vaccines are a long way from market. Our best prospects for identifying new targets for drug, vaccine, and diagnostics development and for dissecting the biological basis of drug resistance, antigenic diversity, infectivity and pathology lie in parasite genome analysis, and international mapping and gene discovery initiatives are under way for a variety of protozoan and helminth parasites. These are far from ideal experimental organisms, and the influence of biological and genomic characteristics on experimental approaches is discussed, progress is reviewed and future prospects are examined.

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“…The possibility that the results reflect host cell contamination can be ruled out by the following lines of supporting evidence. (1) In situ hybridization analysis shows that host-related DNA sequences are actually localized in the subtegumental layer and other inner tissues of the parasites and the existence of the DNA sequence is specific to the life-cycle stage of the parasites (Irie & Iwamura, 1993). 2Differential methylation of the DNA sequence has been observed between the parasite and host (Iwamura et al 1991), suggesting that the host D N A sequences are controlled by the parasite gene expression system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, signals to the sequences of the mouse type C and type A retroviruses were observed in the body of S. japonicum adults by in situ hybridization (Irie & Iwamura, 1993). Furthermore, the signals to the enw-specific region of the mouse ecotropic type C retrovirus were also found in the body of S. mansoni adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of host DNA sequences including the H-2 locus of the major histocompatibility complex in schistosomes

1995

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The mouse type 2 Alu (B2) sequence was detected in both DNAs of Schistosoma mansoni and S.japonicum except for the cercarial stage by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using several kinds of mouse STMS (sequence tagged microsatellite site) primer sets, PCR products related to the host were found in the DNAs of S. mansoni as well as of S.japonicum. Products could be detected only in the DNA of S. japonicum using certain STMS primer sets. The fact that no products could be amplified from the DNAs of both parasites when other kinds of STMS primer sets were used suggests unequal incorporation of the host DNA into the schistosomes. Furthermore, the sequence of the N-terminal domain of H-2, the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC), was detected in the DNAs from S. mansoni miracidium, male adult and S. japonicum adults, whereas the sequence of the C2 domain of H-2 was found only in the DNAs of S. japonicum adults. This evidence that host DNA sequences, including the class I MHC, exist heterogeneously in the DNAs of schistosomes might provide an important insight for further understanding of host-parasite immune interactions.

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Host-related DNA sequences are localized in the body of schistosome adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Physiological bases for parasite-induced alterations of host behaviour

Physiological bases for parasite-induced alterations of host behaviour

Genomics and the biology of parasites

Detection of host DNA sequences including the H-2 locus of the major histocompatibility complex in schistosomes

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