Host‐related variation among isolates of the Sirococcus shoot blight pathogen from conifers

Smith, Dave; Bronson, J. J.; Stanosz, G. R.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0329.2003.00313.x

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…S. conigenus causa danni a molte conifere nelle zone temperate e boreali del nord Europa ed America (Smith et al 2003); Picea abies è colpita sia allo stadio di germinello sia di pianta adulta. In Austria la malattia è diffusa fin dal 1980 (Neumüller 1994, Halmschlager et al 2000, in Trentino può essere grave, ma è limitata a singoli esemplari (Maresi et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussioneunclassified

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Lorenzi¹,

Lorando²,

Picco³

2006

Forest@

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Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy.The foliar fungal endophytes community inhabiting needles of Picea abies (Norway spruce) has not been well documented. In this study, carried out in Northern Italy, needles were collected in the years 2003 -2004 in Bagni di Masino and Passo S. Marco (natural locations) and in Milano and Pavia (urban areas). Needles were plated and scored for hyphal outgrowth of endophytes to observe composition and distribution pattern. Both colonization percentage and number of taxa were higher in needles collected in natural locations. There was a large difference in the infection levels between natural and urban areas, portion of the needle (the distal portion showing the largest number of colonies) and among the different needle age classes, with the youngest needles being virtually endophytes free and the 5 and 6 age classes being the most colonized. Thus Norway spruce foliar endophytes population appears to be influenced by age and portion of the needle and location. In the year 2003 fungal epiphytes were also investigated to compare the two different populations. Results analisys show a different distribution of endophytic and ephyphitic taxa, some species being mostly isolated in the natural locations others in the urban ones, thus indicating the presence of different clusters. Zythiostroma pinastri and Tiarosporella parca were the most frequent endophytes in natural locations while Sphaeropsis sapinea was common in urban areas. Among the epiphytes Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium, and Cladosporium were ubiquitous taxa, Phomopsis was mostly isolated in natural locations.

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Section: Discussioneunclassified

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Lorenzi¹,

Lorando²,

Picco³

2006

Forest@

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“…Sirococcus conigenus is a mitosporic fungus affecting cones and shoots of several species of conifers in temperate and boreal forests of Europe and North America (Sutton 1980, Sutherland et al 1981, Sutherland 1987, Halmschlager et al 2000, Tian Fu and Uotila 2002, Smith et al 2003. This asexually-reproducing fungus infects seeds and the current-year shoots with conidia borne in small, black pycnidia on cone scales, needles or shoots when the humidity is high.…”

Section: Sirococcus Blight and Cankersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on culture characteristics, conidium morphology and DNA sequences, Smith et al (2003) divided S. conigenus into two groups: "P group" found in Larix, Picea, Pinus and Cedrus deodara (D. Don) G. Don, and "T group" found in hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.)…”

Section: Sirococcus Blight and Cankersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Lilja¹,

Poteri²,

Petäistö³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pendula) are the major tree species grown in Finnish forest nurseries where 99% of the seedlings are grown in containers first in plastic-covered greenhouses and later outdoors. The main diseases on conifer seedlings are Scleroderris canker (Gremmeniella abietina), Sirococcus blight and cankers (Sirococcus conigenum), snow blights (Herpotrichia juniperi and Phacidium infestans) and needle casts (Lophodermium seditiosum and Meria laricis). Also grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and birch rust (Melampsoridium betulinum) are among the diseases to be controlled with fungicides. During last years Scleroderris canker has been a problem on Norway spruce, which has been since 2000 the most common species produced in Finnish nurseries. Root die-back (uninucleate Rhizoctonia sp.) on container-grown spruce and pine was a problem in the 1990s. Today the disease has become less common in modern nurseries due to improvements in hygiene and cultivation practice. Since 1991 stem lesions and top dying caused by Phytophthora cactorum has been a problem on birch. The ongoing climate change has already had effect on rusts and powdery mildews as well as other fungi infecting leaves. All diseases, which gain high precipitation and warm and long autumns. For same reasons winter stored seedlings need sprayings against grey mold. Fungal infections are also possible during short-day (SD) treatment, that is necessary for summer and autumn plantings and a beneficial step prior freezing temperatures outside or in freezer storage. Growers are encouraged to use cultural and integrated pest management techniques such as better nursery hygiene, including removing plant debris in nursery growing areas and hot water washing of containers plus removal of diseased, spore-producing seedlings and trees around the nursery.

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“…Briefly, single conidial isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and DNA was extracted as described by Smith and Stanosz (1995). A PCR reaction was performed using primer 5¢-HYH(GT) 7 ) using conditions detailed by Smith et al (2003). DNA fragments were visualized in a 0.7% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and photographed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveys for asymptomatic persistence of Sphaeropsis sapinea on or in stems of red pine seedlings from seven Great Lakes region nurseries

Stanosz¹,

Smith²,

Albers

2005

Forest Pathology

Self Cite

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The fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea persists on or in stems of asymptomatic red pine (Pinus resinosa) nursery seedlings, and proliferates to cause collar rot and mortality after planting. In the spring of 2002, seven nurseries were surveyed to determine the potential range in frequency of asymptomatic persistence: three operated by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), two by Minnesota DNR, one by Michigan DNR, and one by USDA Forest Service (in Michigan). At each nursery five groups of 20 asymptomatic red pine seedlings were collected near an inoculum source (red pine windbreak), if present, and five groups of 20 asymptomatic seedlings were collected away from such a source (1400 seedlings total). A segment of the lower stem/root collar from each seedling was surface disinfested and incubated on tannic acid agar. Transfers were made from resulting colonies and the pathogen identified from pycnidia and conidia produced in culture. The pathogen was identified from asymptomatic seedlings collected in all Wisconsin and Minnesota nurseries, but was never detected from seedlings from the Michigan DNR or USDA Forest Service nurseries. Frequencies of detection were greater (as high as 88%) from asymptomatic seedlings near red pine windbreaks including diseased trees than from seedlings distant from such windbreaks. A subset of isolates from asymptomatic seedlings was characterized using inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Most isolates were the A group of S. sapinea, but B group isolates (recently named Diplodia scrobiculata) were also obtained from one nursery. One Minnesota nursery was more extensively sampled in 2003, with 17-44 groups of five asymptomatic red pine seedlings collected in four separate fields (525 seedlings total). The mean frequency of detection of the pathogen in these four fields ranged from 40 to 71%. Persistence of S. sapinea on or in asymptomatic seedlings continues to be problematic, not only because of the potential for subsequent seedling mortality, but also as a means by which a pathogen may be widely distributed.

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Host‐related variation among isolates of the Sirococcus shoot blight pathogen from conifers

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Finland

Surveys for asymptomatic persistence of Sphaeropsis sapinea on or in stems of red pine seedlings from seven Great Lakes region nurseries

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